Validation of the Ukrainian and Russian versions of the KPPS

Abstract

Background. The purpose of the study is to validate the Ukrainian and Russian versions of the King’s Parkinson’s disease Pain Scale (KPPS). Materials and methods. The study was conducted at the Odesa Regional Clinical Hospital in 2018–2020. We examined 160 patients with Parkinson’s disease verified by the Parkinson’s UK Brain Bank criteria (main group) and 100 people of the same age without signs of extrapyramidal pathology (controls). All patients were examined in accordance with the requirements of current clinical protocols. Additionally, all study participants answered the questions of the KPPS provided in the Ukrainian or Russian version. Mann-Whitney method with Benjamini-Hochberg correction was used for multiple comparisons. Results. Pain of varying severity was detected in 121 of 160 (75.6 %) patients with PD. There were no cases of pain in the control group. The most common was nocturnal (52.5 %) and musculoskeletal pain, both isolated (23.1 %) and in various combinations (up to 65.6 %). Pain associated with motor fluctuations occurred in 27 (5.1 %) cases. Central chronic pain was detected in 22 (13.8 %) patients, visceral chronic pain — in 11 (6.9 %). Orofacial pain was noted in 19 (11.9 %) cases. Pain associated with edema and signs of inflammation was found in 24 (15.0 %), radicular pain — in 17 (10.6 %) people. Cronbach’s alpha for all domains of the scale was higher than 0.7. Pain severity by the visual analogue scale correlated with the KPSS score (r = 0.53). Conclusions. The study data indicated the acceptable validity of the Ukrainian and Russian versions of the KPSS. The questionnaire can be recommended for widespread use in assessing the phenotype of pain and its severity in patients with Parkinson’s disease.