Is Preoperative Facial Palsy a Deterrent to Facial Nerve Preservation after Gross-Total Removal of Giant Vestibular Schwannomas?

Abstract

Abstract Background  Although rare in small vestibular schwannomas, preoperative facial nerve paresis is often present in giant schwannomas. Preserving facial nerve function in these cases remains a herculean task. This study evaluates the facial functions after complete tumor removal and whether preoperative facial nerve involvement affects postoperative functional status. Methods  This retrospective study from January 2014 to August 2021 excluded nongiant tumors (< 4 cm), neurofibromatosis type 2 cases, incomplete removals, redo surgeries, deaths, and cases done without nerve monitoring. These were grouped into preoperative facial palsy present (PFP) and no preoperative facial palsy (NFP). Facial nerve functions were assessed on first postoperative day, at the time of discharge, and at last follow-up and dichotomized into two groups: nondisfiguring (House–Brackmann [HB] grades I–III) and disfiguring (HB grades IV–VI). The cohort outcomes of patients with nondisfiguring PFP (HB grades I–III) were also analyzed. Results  There were 88 cases (PFP, n  = 57; NFP, n  = 31). Facial nerve was preserved anatomically in 62 (70.45%) patients (PFP, n  = 38; NFP, n  = 24) without any statistical difference ( p  = 0.29). Statistically significant disfiguring facial outcomes (HB IV, V, VI) were seen in patients with preoperative facial palsy ( p  = 0.01); however, a comparison of facial functions in patients with only nondisfiguring PFP with those in NFP group did not show the statistical difference ( p  = 0.12). Conclusions  Facial nerve palsy present before surgery does not seem to be a deterrent to intraoperative preservation of facial nerve during complete removal of giant vestibular schwannomas. Patients with nondisfiguring facial palsies have postoperative facial functions comparable to those without facial palsy.