Competitive statebuilding from the demand-side: counter-state services and civilian choice in Kosovo, 1989-1998

IF 1.1 Q3 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Conflict Security & Development Pub Date : 2022-05-04 DOI:10.1080/14678802.2022.2084283
Ian Madison
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Abstract

ABSTRACT Counter-state actors often supply services to foster civilian support. Yet little work explores the civilian ‘demand-side’ of this interaction. This paper examines how civilians navigated between overlapping state and counter-state services during a case of non-violent competitive statebuilding. Between 1989 and 1998, a Kosovar-Albanian ‘parallel state’ provided education, healthcare, and justice as part of a strategy to secede from Serbia. It finds that two factors are key: the level of group solidarity individuals are subject to, and the unique characteristics of the services they are receiving. Increased group solidarity constrains how individuals decide between providers, yet the extent to which this impacts choice depends on the characteristics of different services. Education is collectively delivered and tied to nation-building; decisions depend on social norms. Healthcare is individual and immediate; decisions are rooted in trust. Justice varies between discreet civil cases where people can ‘shop around’, and criminal cases, which can comprise highly visible, collective events with significant social pressure. Understanding how solidarity and service characteristics intersect is key to understanding the demand-side of competitive statebuilding.
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需求方的竞争性国家建设:1989-1998年科索沃的反国家服务和平民选择
反国家行为者经常提供服务以促进民间支持。然而,很少有研究探讨这种互动的民用“需求方”。本文考察了在一个非暴力竞争性国家建设的案例中,平民如何在重叠的国家服务和反国家服务之间进行导航。1989年至1998年期间,科索沃-阿尔巴尼亚“平行国家”提供教育、医疗保健和司法服务,作为脱离塞尔维亚战略的一部分。研究发现,有两个因素是关键:个人受到的群体团结程度,以及他们接受的服务的独特特征。群体团结的增强限制了个人如何在提供者之间做出决定,但这对选择的影响程度取决于不同服务的特点。教育是集体提供的,与国家建设紧密相连;决策取决于社会规范。医疗保健是个人的和即时的;决策植根于信任。司法在谨慎的民事案件(人们可以“货比三家”)和刑事案件(可能包括高度可见的、具有重大社会压力的集体事件)之间有所不同。理解团结和服务特征是如何交叉的,是理解竞争性国家建设的需求方的关键。
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来源期刊
Conflict Security & Development
Conflict Security & Development INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS-
CiteScore
2.90
自引率
7.70%
发文量
22
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