Design of the NSTX heating and cooling system

IF 0.3 1区艺术学 0 MUSIC NINETEENTH CENTURY MUSIC Pub Date : 2002-11-07 DOI:10.1109/FUSION.2002.1027682

M. Kalish, M. Cropper, C. Neumeyer, R. Parsells, L. Dudek, A. Klink, L. Morris

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Abstract

NSTX requires that its internal plasma facing components (PFCs) reach 350/spl deg/C during "bakeout" conditioning of the vacuum vessel. This paper describes a helium system designed to meet this requirement as well as provide cooling during plasma operations. The NSTX vacuum vessel's PFCs were designed to be heated or cooled by flowing a fluid medium through tubing attached to the PFC's copper backing plates. The heating/cooling system must move enough fluid at a sufficient rate with a high enough heat capacity through these restrictive paths. After the evaluation of several approaches including the use of heat transfer oils and steam, a compressed helium system was determined to be the optimal choice. The helium system utilizes a blower operating inside of a pressure vessel. This arrangement allows the base pressure to be raised to 20 atmospheres. With the system pressure elevated, the helium blower need only provide the motive force for overcoming 28 psi of friction losses and is not encumbered with compressing the gas. At 20 atmospheres the density of the helium is high enough to provide the heat capacity necessary to meet the NSTX requirements of 66 kW for heating and 82 kW for cooling. The paper will detail the unique design problems associated with a high pressure high temperature helium system as well as review the overall design, and modes of operation.

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NSTX加热和冷却系统的设计

NSTX要求其内部等离子体面组件(pfc)在真空容器“烘烤”过程中达到350/spl度/C。本文介绍了一种氦系统，旨在满足这一要求，并在等离子体操作期间提供冷却。NSTX真空容器的PFC被设计为通过连接在PFC的铜底板上的管道流动流体介质来加热或冷却。加热/冷却系统必须以足够的速率和足够高的热容量移动足够的流体通过这些限制性路径。经过对几种方法的评估，包括使用导热油和蒸汽，压缩氦气系统被确定为最佳选择。氦气系统利用在压力容器内部操作的鼓风机。这种布置可以使基本压力提高到20个大气压。随着系统压力的升高，氦气鼓风机只需要提供克服28 psi摩擦损失的动力，而不需要压缩气体。在20个大气压下，氦的密度足够高，可以提供满足NSTX要求的66千瓦加热和82千瓦冷却所需的热容量。本文将详细介绍与高压高温氦气系统相关的独特设计问题，并回顾总体设计和操作模式。

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NINETEENTH CENTURY MUSIC MUSIC-

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0.40

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期刊介绍： 19th-Century Music covers all aspects of Western art music between the mid-eighteenth and mid-twentieth centuries. We welcome--in no particular order--considerations of composers and compositions, styles, performance, historical watersheds, cultural formations, critical methods, musical institutions, ideas, and topics not named on this list. Our aim is to publish contributions to ongoing conversations at the leading edge of musical and multidisciplinary scholarship.

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