Reservoir Properties Alteration in Carbonate Rocks after In-Situ Combustion

Abstract

This study summarizes the work conducted as a part of laboratory modeling of in-situ combustion (ISC) experiments on cores from carbonate heavy oil fields. Porosity, permeability, fluid saturation, thermal, and geochemical properties are crucial characteristics of the target field defining the performance of the combustion technology. Here, we report the changes in reservoir properties, porous structure, and mineral composition of the rock samples induced by the thermal exposure and registered by a set of standard and advanced experimental techniques. Most combustion tests are conducted on the crushed core pack, which does not accurately represent the reservoir properties. In this paper, we present the results of three combustion tube tests (classic ISC and consecutive hot-water treatment ISC) involving actual field core samples. Gas porosimetry, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and microcomputed tomography (μCT) revealed an increase in total porosity and pore size distribution and enabled visualizing the changes in the porous core structure at nano- and microlevels. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated the change in mineral composition and lithological texture as a result of dolomite decomposition; Rock-Eval pyrolysis and elemental analysis were utilized to confirm the changes in the rock matrix. Optical scanning registered the changes in thermal conductivity (TC) of samples, which is important for numerical modeling of the combustion process. The proposed core analysis has proved its efficiency in providing a complete petrophysical description of the core of a heavy oil carbonate reservoir in the framework of evaluation of the ISC application for dolomite-rich carbonates and demonstrated the different responses of rock to the ISC technology.