Comprehensive Fracture Characterization in Tight Carbonate Reservoir Using LWD High-Resolution Image and Multi-Pole Sonic Measurement; A Case Study from Offshore North West Java, Indonesia

Debby Irawan, I. Wibowo, Bertha Martinauly, Linda Fransiska, L. Lilasari, D. Permanasari, Jhonny Jhonny
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Abstract

Tapping into an unconventional reservoir such as naturally fractured tight carbonate or basement has become more common in the industry. Open natural fractures, when present are the major contributor to production flow in such formation. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of fracture properties including aperture, intensity, and permeability is required to identify the productive fractures and optimize production. In this paper, we discuss the first application of the latest Logging-While Drilling (LWD) high-resolution laterolog resistivity image in combination with LWD multi-pole sonic to provide comprehensive fracture characterization in Pre-Talang Akar Formation tight carbonate reservoir, in the offshore North West Java Basin, Indonesia. The methodology involved identification of borehole breakouts, natural or drilling-induced fractures, faults and vugs from the high-resolution LWD image data, which were then interpreted further to provide the fracture attributes and the secondary porosity distributions from each of the identified features. The Stoneley measurement from LWD multi-pole sonic log enabled the analysis of the fracture system producibility using the sonic fracture technique. The characterization of fractures and faults (open/closed) from the integration of these two independent methods were complemented by the triple combo measurements, caliper, and drilling loss data, as well as sonic compressional and shear data. This methodology has successfully managed to differentiate open fracture zones and closed fracture zones along with their computed fracture properties. The open fracture zones were characterized by a cluster of conductive fractures with large fracture aperture and fracture porosity value. These fractures were also associated with positive fracture indication from the sonic data, decrease in density logs, shallow - deep resistivity log separation and drilling loss occurrence. Whereas, closed fracture zones were characterized with minor fracture dip development. It also showed negative open fracture indication from sonic data, flat density log response and overlaying resistivity log response with no drilling loss occurrence. The case study in this paper shows excellent LWD data quality and fracture characterization result, on par with wireline conveyed data that were commonly used to quantify fracture attributes. The results provide invaluable information for volumetric calculation, well completion and production planning in this area.
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基于LWD高分辨率图像和多极声波测量的致密碳酸盐岩储层裂缝综合表征以印尼西北爪哇近海为例
进入非常规储层,如天然裂缝性致密碳酸盐或基底,在行业中变得越来越普遍。开放的天然裂缝,当存在时,是这些地层生产流的主要贡献者。因此,需要全面了解裂缝的性质,包括孔径、强度和渗透率,以确定生产裂缝并优化生产。在本文中,我们讨论了最新随钻测井(LWD)高分辨率侧向电阻率图像与LWD多极声波测井相结合的首次应用,以提供印度尼西亚西北爪哇盆地Pre-Talang Akar组致密碳酸盐岩储层的全面裂缝表征。该方法包括从高分辨率随钻测井图像数据中识别井眼裂缝、天然裂缝或钻井引起的裂缝、断层和孔洞,然后对这些数据进行进一步解释,以提供裂缝属性和每个识别特征的次生孔隙度分布。通过LWD多极声波测井进行的Stoneley测量,可以利用声波压裂技术分析压裂系统的产能。通过这两种独立方法的整合,裂缝和断层(开/闭)的特征得到了三重组合测量、井径仪、钻井损失数据以及声波压缩和剪切数据的补充。该方法已经成功地区分了开放裂缝带和封闭裂缝带,并计算出了裂缝的性质。开放裂缝带以导缝为主,裂缝孔径大,裂缝孔隙度值大。这些裂缝还与声波数据的裂缝指示、密度测井下降、浅深电阻率测井分离和钻损发生有关。封闭裂缝带以裂缝倾角较小为特征。声波数据、平坦密度测井响应和上覆电阻率测井响应也显示了负张开裂缝指示,没有发生钻井损失。本文的案例研究表明,LWD数据质量和裂缝表征结果非常好,与通常用于量化裂缝属性的电缆传输数据相当。研究结果为该地区的体积计算、完井和生产计划提供了宝贵的信息。
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