A Methodology for Stochastic Simulation of Head Impact on Windshields

IF 12.2 1区 工程技术 Q1 MECHANICS Applied Mechanics Reviews Pub Date : 2023-02-03 DOI:10.3390/applmech4010010
C. Brokmann, C. Alter, S. Kolling
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

In accidents involving cars with pedestrians, the impact of the head on structural parts of the vehicle presents a significant risk of injury. If the head hits the windshield, the injury is highly influenced by glass fracture. In pedestrian protection tests, a head form impactor is shot on the windshield while the resultant acceleration at the centre of gravity of the head is measured. To assess the risk of fatal or serious injury, a head injury criterion (HIC) as an explicit function of the measured acceleration can be determined. The braking strength of glass, which has a major impact on the head acceleration, however, is not deterministic but depends on production-related microcracks on the glass surface as well as on the loading rate. The aim of the present paper is to show a pragmatic method for how to include the stochastic failure of glass in crash and impact simulations. The methodology includes a fracture mechanical model for the strain rate-dependent failure of glass, an experimental determination of the glass strength for the different areas of a windshield (surface, edge, and screen-printing area), a statistical evaluation of the experimental data, and a computation of an HIC probability distribution by stochastic simulation.
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头部碰撞挡风玻璃的随机模拟方法
在涉及车辆与行人的事故中,头部对车辆结构部件的撞击会带来很大的受伤风险。如果头部撞在挡风玻璃上,则受玻璃破裂的影响很大。在行人保护测试中,将头部形状的撞击器射向挡风玻璃,同时测量头部重心处产生的加速度。为了评估致命或严重伤害的风险,可以确定头部损伤标准(HIC)作为测量加速度的显式函数。然而,对头部加速度有重大影响的玻璃的制动强度并不是确定的,而是取决于玻璃表面与生产相关的微裂纹以及加载率。本文的目的是展示一种实用的方法,如何在碰撞和冲击模拟中包括玻璃的随机失效。该方法包括玻璃应变率相关失效的断裂力学模型,挡风玻璃不同区域(表面、边缘和丝网印刷区域)玻璃强度的实验测定,实验数据的统计评估,以及通过随机模拟计算HIC概率分布。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
28.20
自引率
0.70%
发文量
13
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Applied Mechanics Reviews (AMR) is an international review journal that serves as a premier venue for dissemination of material across all subdisciplines of applied mechanics and engineering science, including fluid and solid mechanics, heat transfer, dynamics and vibration, and applications.AMR provides an archival repository for state-of-the-art and retrospective survey articles and reviews of research areas and curricular developments. The journal invites commentary on research and education policy in different countries. The journal also invites original tutorial and educational material in applied mechanics targeting non-specialist audiences, including undergraduate and K-12 students.
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