LAND SUITABILITY ANALYSIS FOR MANGROVE CONSERVATION AREA IN LOMBOK BAY ON KUTAI NATIONAL PARK, EAST KALIMANTAN INDONESIA

L. L. Komara, E. Poedjirahajoe, Iin Sumbada Sulistyorini
{"title":"LAND SUITABILITY ANALYSIS FOR MANGROVE CONSERVATION AREA IN LOMBOK BAY ON KUTAI NATIONAL PARK, EAST KALIMANTAN INDONESIA","authors":"L. L. Komara, E. Poedjirahajoe, Iin Sumbada Sulistyorini","doi":"10.31580/sps.v1i3.872","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"1.      Along with the times and community needs for land, the carrying capacity of mangrove forests as conservation areas must be evaluated regularly.2.      Despite defragmentation and degradation, the Lombok bay mangrove forests in Kutai National Park still have high potential.3.      The suitability of the mangrove forest area of ​​the Gulf of Lombok is still appropriate and worthy of being maintained as a conservation area, even though there are demands for regional development in the area.4.      The importance of environmental education for the surrounding community must be continuously monitored, in order to increase awareness of the role of mangrove ecosystems in supporting people's lives. \n  \nKey results: \n  \nConformity, conservation, ecosystem, mangrove \n___________________________________________________________________________ \n  \nResearch Objectives \nMangrove forests provide a valuable ecosystem services for coastal communities, but these ecosystems are very sensitive to environmental changes (1). The pressure of Kutai National Park (KNP) mangrove forests has continue to increase because of the human activities for settlement, agriculture, and other activities (2) The existence of mangrove forest areas in KNP is increasingly threatened as the expanded of land use, the issue of enclaves for regional development by the local government. The Lombok bay mangrove area of Kutai National Park in the East Kutai Regency should be evaluated on its carrying capacity periodically. The area needs to be re-zoned in order to reduce the risk of the land clearing threats, especially for ponds and to accommodate local interests, especially the communities around the mangrove area. Based on that reason, data and information are needed. This study is to answer the latest phenomena related to regional development in the area of Lombok bay mangrove forests which continue reduce, and find out whether mangroves in the Lombok bay are worth of being preserved as conservation areas. This study objective was to determine and assess land suitability based on the vegetation condition and the mangrove forest environment carrying capacity. \n  \nMaterials and Methods \n  \n               This study was carried out in the coastal area of ​​the mangrove forest in the Lombok bay, Kutai National Park in south Sangatta District, East Kutai Regency, East Kalimantan province, Indonesia. This study used an observation method and GPS was used to determine the sampling point coordinates. Sampling location choose based on consideration of characteristics, location access, and the mangroves distribution. The sampling was carried out at 6 stations, each station consisting of 12 sampling points / plots, so there are 72 plots in total. Direct observation was done at each station to collect the data of vegetation condition, salinity, tides, pH, main substrate and current velocity. The mangroves thickness is measured by GIS. The data was analyze using descriptive quantitative method. Land suitability analysis to determine the mangrove conservation area was analyzed based on the mangrove vegetation condition and several environmental parameters quality with four land suitability classes. The formula used to determine the suitability level based on several ecosystem components uses calculations (3) as follows: Regional suitability index / Final value is a sum of Weight of each criterion times  by the Value of land suitability level. And than the value of suitability class were descripted. \n  \n  \nResults \n  \nThe total number of mangrove species found was 12 species from 5 families. The highest tree density was found at station 4 with 127 individual total number and 1,058 trees/ha total density. The mangroves thickness in each location was varies. Mangrove forests that have the highest thickness are found at station 1 (1.44 km) and a low thickness found at station 2 (0.40 km). Although at station 1 has the highest thickness but the number of individuals found is very small , it shows that the forest has a lot of disturbance. The mangrove forests of Lombok bay have experienced an extensive land conversion. This is related to accessibility where the coastal settlements of KNP are generally located close to rivers and creeks i.e., Sangatta estuary, Lombok bay and Sangkima (4). Degradation of mangrove forests is still ongoing in some coastal or coastal areas, and continues to increase due to the surrounding community in fulfilling their daily needs (5). Based on the characteristics of the mangrove environment carrying capacity, it is known that at six stations belong to the class of suitability, which is appropriate (S2) with RSI ranging from 151 to 225.The mangrove trees density needs to be increased.             \nFindings \n  \n12 mangrove species were found with 1.058 trees/ha mangroves density and 1,437 m mangroves thickness. The main substrate is clay, sand and sandy clay. The Tides was 0.90 to 1.55, pH was 9.37 to 10.89, current velocities was 0.25 to 0.56 m/sec, salinity was 2.81 to 4.18 ‰. The Conservation Suitability Index of six stations is classified as appropriate (S1) with the main limiting factor are tree density, pH and salinity. The level of land suitability for mangrove conservation has a possibility to be improved by mangroves planting to increase the mangroves thickness, density, and other environmental conditions. \n  \n  \nAcknowledgement \n  \nThe author would like to thank the Kutai National Park management unit for supporting and giving the opportunity for the author to carry out this research.  The author also thanks to the lecturers and students of East Kutai STIPER in Sangatta who were really helpful in the field survey. \n  \n  \nReferences \n  \n \nEddy S, Ridho MR, Iskandar I, Mulyana A. Community-Based Mangrove Forests Conservation for Sustainable Fisheries. Journal of Tropical Silviculture. 2016;7(3):S42-S7. \nSayektiningsih T, Gunawan W, editors. Kondisi Sosial Masyarakat di sekitar Hutan Mangrove Taman Nasional Kutai, Kalimantan Timur. Proceedings of the Samboja Cambodia BPTKSDA Research Results Seminar, Research Institute for Natural Resources Conservation; 2012; Samboja, Indonesia: Balai Penelitian Teknologi Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam, Kementerian Kehutanan. \nWardhani MK. Analisis Kesesuaian Lahan Konservasi Hutan Mangrove di Pesisir Selatan, Kabupaten Bangkalan. Jurnal Kelautan. 2014;7(2):69-74. \nBudiarsa AA, Rizal S. Mapping and Deforestation Level of Mangrove Forest in Kutai National Park Base on Data Satelite Image of Landsat ETM and Vegetation Density. Journal of Tropical Fisheries Sciences. 2013;19(1):54-61. \nAsyari M, Udiansyah., Agyoyanuwiadi., Rayes ML. Management Policy Formulation of Teluk Kelumpang Natural Reserve Related With Mangrove Forest Degredation at South Borneo, Indonesia. International Journal of Conservation Science. 2017;8(1):157-64. \n","PeriodicalId":21574,"journal":{"name":"Science Proceedings Series","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2019-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Science Proceedings Series","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.31580/sps.v1i3.872","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
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Abstract

1.      Along with the times and community needs for land, the carrying capacity of mangrove forests as conservation areas must be evaluated regularly.2.      Despite defragmentation and degradation, the Lombok bay mangrove forests in Kutai National Park still have high potential.3.      The suitability of the mangrove forest area of ​​the Gulf of Lombok is still appropriate and worthy of being maintained as a conservation area, even though there are demands for regional development in the area.4.      The importance of environmental education for the surrounding community must be continuously monitored, in order to increase awareness of the role of mangrove ecosystems in supporting people's lives.   Key results:   Conformity, conservation, ecosystem, mangrove ___________________________________________________________________________   Research Objectives Mangrove forests provide a valuable ecosystem services for coastal communities, but these ecosystems are very sensitive to environmental changes (1). The pressure of Kutai National Park (KNP) mangrove forests has continue to increase because of the human activities for settlement, agriculture, and other activities (2) The existence of mangrove forest areas in KNP is increasingly threatened as the expanded of land use, the issue of enclaves for regional development by the local government. The Lombok bay mangrove area of Kutai National Park in the East Kutai Regency should be evaluated on its carrying capacity periodically. The area needs to be re-zoned in order to reduce the risk of the land clearing threats, especially for ponds and to accommodate local interests, especially the communities around the mangrove area. Based on that reason, data and information are needed. This study is to answer the latest phenomena related to regional development in the area of Lombok bay mangrove forests which continue reduce, and find out whether mangroves in the Lombok bay are worth of being preserved as conservation areas. This study objective was to determine and assess land suitability based on the vegetation condition and the mangrove forest environment carrying capacity.   Materials and Methods                  This study was carried out in the coastal area of ​​the mangrove forest in the Lombok bay, Kutai National Park in south Sangatta District, East Kutai Regency, East Kalimantan province, Indonesia. This study used an observation method and GPS was used to determine the sampling point coordinates. Sampling location choose based on consideration of characteristics, location access, and the mangroves distribution. The sampling was carried out at 6 stations, each station consisting of 12 sampling points / plots, so there are 72 plots in total. Direct observation was done at each station to collect the data of vegetation condition, salinity, tides, pH, main substrate and current velocity. The mangroves thickness is measured by GIS. The data was analyze using descriptive quantitative method. Land suitability analysis to determine the mangrove conservation area was analyzed based on the mangrove vegetation condition and several environmental parameters quality with four land suitability classes. The formula used to determine the suitability level based on several ecosystem components uses calculations (3) as follows: Regional suitability index / Final value is a sum of Weight of each criterion times  by the Value of land suitability level. And than the value of suitability class were descripted.     Results   The total number of mangrove species found was 12 species from 5 families. The highest tree density was found at station 4 with 127 individual total number and 1,058 trees/ha total density. The mangroves thickness in each location was varies. Mangrove forests that have the highest thickness are found at station 1 (1.44 km) and a low thickness found at station 2 (0.40 km). Although at station 1 has the highest thickness but the number of individuals found is very small , it shows that the forest has a lot of disturbance. The mangrove forests of Lombok bay have experienced an extensive land conversion. This is related to accessibility where the coastal settlements of KNP are generally located close to rivers and creeks i.e., Sangatta estuary, Lombok bay and Sangkima (4). Degradation of mangrove forests is still ongoing in some coastal or coastal areas, and continues to increase due to the surrounding community in fulfilling their daily needs (5). Based on the characteristics of the mangrove environment carrying capacity, it is known that at six stations belong to the class of suitability, which is appropriate (S2) with RSI ranging from 151 to 225.The mangrove trees density needs to be increased.             Findings   12 mangrove species were found with 1.058 trees/ha mangroves density and 1,437 m mangroves thickness. The main substrate is clay, sand and sandy clay. The Tides was 0.90 to 1.55, pH was 9.37 to 10.89, current velocities was 0.25 to 0.56 m/sec, salinity was 2.81 to 4.18 ‰. The Conservation Suitability Index of six stations is classified as appropriate (S1) with the main limiting factor are tree density, pH and salinity. The level of land suitability for mangrove conservation has a possibility to be improved by mangroves planting to increase the mangroves thickness, density, and other environmental conditions.     Acknowledgement   The author would like to thank the Kutai National Park management unit for supporting and giving the opportunity for the author to carry out this research.  The author also thanks to the lecturers and students of East Kutai STIPER in Sangatta who were really helpful in the field survey.     References   Eddy S, Ridho MR, Iskandar I, Mulyana A. Community-Based Mangrove Forests Conservation for Sustainable Fisheries. Journal of Tropical Silviculture. 2016;7(3):S42-S7. Sayektiningsih T, Gunawan W, editors. Kondisi Sosial Masyarakat di sekitar Hutan Mangrove Taman Nasional Kutai, Kalimantan Timur. Proceedings of the Samboja Cambodia BPTKSDA Research Results Seminar, Research Institute for Natural Resources Conservation; 2012; Samboja, Indonesia: Balai Penelitian Teknologi Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam, Kementerian Kehutanan. Wardhani MK. Analisis Kesesuaian Lahan Konservasi Hutan Mangrove di Pesisir Selatan, Kabupaten Bangkalan. Jurnal Kelautan. 2014;7(2):69-74. Budiarsa AA, Rizal S. Mapping and Deforestation Level of Mangrove Forest in Kutai National Park Base on Data Satelite Image of Landsat ETM and Vegetation Density. Journal of Tropical Fisheries Sciences. 2013;19(1):54-61. Asyari M, Udiansyah., Agyoyanuwiadi., Rayes ML. Management Policy Formulation of Teluk Kelumpang Natural Reserve Related With Mangrove Forest Degredation at South Borneo, Indonesia. International Journal of Conservation Science. 2017;8(1):157-64.
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印尼东加里曼丹古泰国家公园龙目湾红树林保护区土地适宜性分析
56 m/sec,矿化度为2.81 ~ 4.18 <e:2>°。6个站点的保护适宜性指数为适宜(S1),主要限制因子为树密度、pH和盐度。通过种植红树林来增加红树林的厚度、密度和其他环境条件,有可能改善红树林保护的土地适宜性水平。作者要感谢库台国家公园管理单位对作者开展这项研究的支持和给予的机会。同时感谢东库台STIPER在Sangatta的讲师和学生,他们在实地调查中给予了我很大的帮助。Eddy S, Ridho MR, Iskandar I, Mulyana A.以社区为基础的红树林保护促进可持续渔业。热带林业学报,2016;7(3):S42-S7。Sayektiningsih T, Gunawan W,编辑。加里曼丹帖木儿,胡坦红树林。自然资源保护研究所Samboja柬埔寨BPTKSDA研究成果研讨会论文集;2012;印度尼西亚Samboja: Balai Penelitian Teknologi Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam, Kementerian Kehutanan。walhani MK.分析Kesesuaian Lahan Konservasi Hutan红树林,Kabupaten Bangkalan。中华医学杂志,2014;7(2):69-74。Budiarsa AA, Rizal S.基于Landsat ETM和植被密度数据卫星影像的库台国家公园红树林森林砍伐水平制图。热带渔业学报,2013;19(1):54-61。Asyari M, udansyah。, Agyoyanuwiadi。[3]、李丽娟。印尼南婆罗洲红树林退化与特鲁克伦邦自然保护区管理政策的制定。生态学报,2017;8(1):157-64。
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