Aramco Nano Permeameter ANP: A New Laboratory Technology for Accurate and Efficient Measurements of Stress-Dependent Source Rock Permeability

Hui-Hai Liu, J. Zhang, M. Boudjatit
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Abstract

In an unconventional reservoir, rock matrix has a much larger storage capacity for hydrocarbon and significantly lower permeability than the natural and hydraulic fractures. It acts as a bottleneck for hydrocarbon flow from the reservoir to the production well during production and is a key parameter for controlling the well performance over a long period of time. A new laboratory technology is developed to accurately and efficiently measure the matrix permeability. We have developed the Aramco Nano Permeameter (ANP), a new laboratory technology for measuring the stress-dependent source rock permeability. While the conventional laboratory methods can only measure one permeability data point with one test run, ANP, based on the nonlinear solution to the gas flow equation, measures the rock matrix permeability for a non-fractured sample as a function of stress using a single test run and thus is very efficient. Permeability as a function of pore pressure at a given confining stress is measured with ANP for several Eagle Ford rock samples without fractures. The permeability curve shows complex behavior: permeability initially decreases with increasing pore pressure, as a result of Knudsen diffusion effect, and then increases with pore pressure owing to the mechanical deformation. The measured permeability curves are verified by comparing them with permeability values measured with other methods for selected pore pressures. The high measurement efficiency of ANP is also demonstrated. In summary, ANP is a laboratory method that is based on a theoretical idea that is significantly different from those currently used by the industry and thus provides a high measurement efficiency that the conventional methods cannot achieve.
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Aramco纳米渗透仪ANP:一种新的实验室技术,用于准确和有效地测量应力相关的烃源岩渗透率
在非常规储层中,岩石基质比天然裂缝和水力裂缝具有更大的储烃能力和更低的渗透率。在生产过程中,它是油气从储层流向生产井的瓶颈,是长期控制油井动态的关键参数。为了准确、高效地测量基质渗透率,开发了一种新的实验室技术。我们开发了Aramco纳米渗透率仪(ANP),这是一种新的实验室技术,用于测量应力依赖性烃源岩渗透率。传统的实验室方法只能在一次测试中测量一个渗透率数据点,而ANP基于气体流动方程的非线性解,通过一次测试就可以测量未破裂样品的岩石基质渗透率作为应力的函数,因此非常高效。在给定围应力下,渗透率作为孔隙压力的函数,用ANP测量了几个没有裂缝的Eagle Ford岩石样品。渗透率曲线表现出复杂的行为,由于Knudsen扩散效应,渗透率首先随着孔隙压力的增加而降低,然后由于力学变形而随着孔隙压力的增加而增加。通过将所测渗透率曲线与其他方法在选定孔隙压力下的渗透率值进行比较,验证了所测渗透率曲线的正确性。证明了ANP的测量效率高。综上所述,ANP是一种基于理论思想的实验室方法,与目前行业使用的方法有很大不同,从而提供了传统方法无法实现的高测量效率。
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