Editorial: Exciting Dendritic Spines

Chi W. Pak, J. R. Bamburg
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Abstract

The ability of a synapse to alter its strength based on use (synaptic plasticity) reigns as the basis of most cellular models of learning and memory [1]. However, if synaptic plasticity is king, then the dendritic spine is its kingdom. The dendritic spine, which houses the majority of excitatory synapses in the mammalian central nervous system, also undergoes dynamic changes to its shape (structural plasticity) in an activity-dependent manner. Indeed, strengthening of the synapse, or long-term potentiation (LTP), is often associated with spine head enlargement, whereas weakening of the synapse, or long-term depression (LTD), is often associated with spine head shrinkage. Underlying structural plasticity is the cytoskeleton protein, actin, whose dynamics and organization ultimately shape spine morphology, and which can also influence synaptic plasticity through modulation of membrane receptor insertion, removal and function. Thus, actin is both governed by and governs the king and kingdom. This special issue of The Open Neuroscience Journal explores many different aspects of dendritic spine morphology, regulation and function in health and disease.
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社论:令人兴奋的树突棘
突触根据使用改变其强度的能力(突触可塑性)是大多数学习和记忆细胞模型的基础[1]。然而,如果突触可塑性为王,那么树突棘就是它的王国。在哺乳动物中枢神经系统中,树突棘是大多数兴奋性突触的所在地,其形状也以活动依赖的方式发生动态变化(结构可塑性)。事实上,突触的增强或长期增强(LTP)通常与脊柱头部增大有关,而突触的减弱或长期抑制(LTD)通常与脊柱头部萎缩有关。潜在的结构可塑性是细胞骨架蛋白,肌动蛋白,其动力学和组织最终形成脊柱形态,并通过调节膜受体的插入、移除和功能影响突触的可塑性。因此,actin既受国王和王国的支配,也统治着国王和王国。本期《开放神经科学杂志》特刊探讨了树突棘在健康和疾病中的形态、调节和功能的许多不同方面。
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