The Latin American Bullring: US Evangelicals and the Reception of Anti-Protestant Violence from Cold War Colombia

IF 0.2 3区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Journal of American Studies Pub Date : 2023-06-29 DOI:10.1017/s0021875823000257
David C. Kirkpatrick
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Abstract

In the shadow of the Cuban Revolution, American Baptist preacher Billy Graham and US President John F. Kennedy barnstormed South America through overlapping tours in 1961 and 1962. Kennedy's presidency has often been presented as an intermission in the drama of evangelical political power, but grassroots activism provides new angles for analysis at the intersection of the US and Latin America. While claiming an apolitical stance, Graham worked alongside the US State Department, planting spiritual seeds on the tilled ground of foreign policy. Graham – and Protestant leaders orbiting him – curated acts of violence, painting a picture of persecution for a watching public. This narrative employed violence to draw lines of worldwide spiritual affiliation and political obligation. US evangelicals placed themselves as custodians of America's most sacred values at home and abroad, responsible for upholding democratic values, including religious tolerance, the rule of law, and anticommunism. Graham's tactics created an entangled relationship with Kennedy, where Graham arose as a metaphorical matador, fighting for persecuted Christians. Here, American evangelicals could flex their growing political muscle, while operating as an imagined religious minority community. Narratives, discourses, and representations of violence circulated transnationally and acquired differing meanings depending on the political interests of those mobilizing them.
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拉丁美洲的斗牛场:美国福音派和对冷战时期哥伦比亚反新教暴力的接受
在古巴革命的阴影下,美国浸信会牧师比利·格雷厄姆和美国总统约翰·f·肯尼迪在1961年和1962年对南美进行了巡回演讲。肯尼迪的总统任期经常被视为福音派政治权力大戏的幕间休息,但草根行动主义为分析美国和拉丁美洲的交叉点提供了新的角度。虽然格雷厄姆声称自己不关心政治,但他与美国国务院合作,在外交政策的土地上播下了精神的种子。格雷厄姆和他周围的新教领袖策划了暴力行为,为围观的公众描绘了一幅迫害的画面。这种叙述用暴力来划分世界范围内的精神归属和政治义务。美国福音派把自己定位为美国在国内外最神圣价值观的守护者,负责维护民主价值观,包括宗教宽容、法治和反共。葛培理的策略使他与肯尼迪的关系纠缠不清,在肯尼迪,葛培理以斗牛士的形象崛起,为受迫害的基督徒而战。在这里,美国福音派教徒可以展示他们日益增长的政治力量,同时作为一个想象中的宗教少数派社区运作。暴力的叙述、话语和表现形式在跨国传播,并根据动员它们的人的政治利益获得不同的含义。
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来源期刊
Journal of American Studies
Journal of American Studies HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-
CiteScore
0.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
24
期刊介绍: Journal of American Studies seeks to critique and interrogate the notion of "America", pursuing this through international perspectives on the history, literature, politics and culture of the United States. The Journal publishes original peer-reviewed research and analysis by established and emerging scholars throughout the world, considering US history, politics, literature, institutions, economics, film, popular culture, geography, sociology and related subjects in domestic, continental, hemispheric, and global contexts. Its expanded book review section offers in-depth analysis of recent American Studies scholarship to promote further discussion and debate.
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