Circulating biomarkers for the hypertension development predicting: are there any prospects?

Abstract

The problem of finding reliable predictors of the arterial hypertension (HTN) development in people with initially normal blood pressure level has not been resolved yet. Objective. The purpose of this review was to present and analyze current data on the role and prospects for the use of circulating serum biomarkers in predicting the HTN development. To establish the predictive value of biomarkers and their causal relationships with HTN, the results of prospective and retrospective cohort studies, studies of Mendelian randomization, randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews and meta-analyses on the study of both previously known and relatively new potential risk factors for HTN were analyzed: uric acid, vitamin D, homocysteine, inflammatory biomarkers, soluble ST2, natriuretic peptides, and cardiac troponins. There is evidence of an independent prognostic value of uric acid and inflammatory biomarkers (C-reactive protein) in the HTN development and the possibility of their use as risk markers of HTN. Despite the found relationships of all considered biomarkers with the level of blood pressure in cross-sectional and experimental studies, their causal role in the HTN development in studies of a high level of evidence has not received unambiguous confirmation.