Cognitive impairment in patients with epilepsy: A case control study at a tertiary level hospital in India

Dr.Ravindra B. Narod, Dr.Rathod Rahul Narayanrao, Dr.Sayali V. Bhambar, Dr.Sapna Anjutagi, Dr.Smit U. Janrao, Dr.Pranav Deore
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Abstract

Introduction: Cognition is defined as the capacity of the brain to process information accurately leading to an adaptive behaviour. This study aims at understanding the decline in cognition in patients diagnosed with epilepsy in India using a standardized cognition scale. Methodology: We did a case control study in the Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College, Miraj in which all patients with a diagnosis of epilepsy from October 2016 till February 2017 were included. Patients were tested for cognitive impairment using the PGI Memory scale (PGIMS). Controls were included from the population sample of non teaching staff of college. We noted age, gender, handedness, and education levels and clinical information. All cases and controls were tested for cognitive functioning using PGIMS. The data was analysed descriptively and then the cases and controls were compared using the unpaired Student’s t test, with p value less than 0.05 being statistically significant. Results:We enrolled 60 patients diagnosed with epilepsy and same number of healthy controls from the same insitution. Average age of the patients with epilepsy was 43.7±2.4 years and that of controls was 48.1±3.6 years. The difference between the cases and controls was found to be statistically highly significant in cognition tests like recent memory, remote memory, immediate recall and visual retention. On cognitive tests like attention and concentration, retention of dissimilar pairs, mental balance the difference between the groups was found to be statistically significant. Conclusions: Findings of our study demonstrates that patients with epilepsy shuould be routinely tested for cognitive decline.
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癫痫患者的认知障碍:印度一家三级医院的病例对照研究
导读:认知被定义为大脑准确处理信息并导致适应性行为的能力。本研究旨在了解认知能力下降的患者诊断癫痫在印度使用标准化的认知量表。方法:我们在Miraj政府医学院精神学系进行了一项病例对照研究,其中包括2016年10月至2017年2月期间诊断为癫痫的所有患者。使用PGI记忆量表(PGIMS)对患者进行认知障碍测试。对照从高校非教学人员的总体样本中选取。我们记录了年龄、性别、惯用手、教育水平和临床信息。使用PGIMS对所有病例和对照组进行认知功能测试。对数据进行描述性分析,然后用unpaired Student’s t检验比较病例和对照组,p值小于0.05为有统计学意义。结果:我们从同一机构招募了60名癫痫患者和相同数量的健康对照。癫痫患者平均年龄为43.7±2.4岁,对照组平均年龄为48.1±3.6岁。研究发现,在近期记忆、远程记忆、即时回忆和视觉保留等认知测试中,病例和对照组之间的差异在统计上非常显著。在认知测试中,比如注意力和注意力,对不同组合的记忆,心理平衡,两组之间的差异在统计上是显著的。结论:我们的研究结果表明癫痫患者应该进行常规的认知能力下降测试。
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