Alveolar ridge augmentation with the Bone Into Bone technique: a histological and histomorphometric analysis

Abstract

Aim Barriers made of cortical bone of heterologous origin are now used as a possible substitute of non-resorbable membranes and bone blocks for the regeneration of bone defects. This report analyzes the efficacy of these barriers, when they are inserted in a surgical slot, vestibular to the defect, using the new Bone into Bone (BiB) technique. Methods A group of 20 patients were treated with the BiB technique, and 32 implants were placed. Bone samples were collected with trephine burs 8 months after  surgery and submitted to histological and histomorphometric analysis. The linear horizontal and vertical changes between pre-operative and post-operative radiographs were measured on the CT Scan.  Results A mean width gain of 2.36 ± 0. 0.69 mm and a mean height gain of 3.13 ± 0.90 mm was recorded. The biomaterial was almost completely resorbed, and it accounted for 7.39% ± 7.70 of the samples. Conclusion Comparing the current results with those of other investigations, the BiB technique is an efficient alternative to other regenerative approaches, as it provides several advantages, both in terms of reduced morbidity and ease of the procedure. More reports are needed to evaluate the stability of the regenerated bone and to directly compare this technique to other, more commonly used, regenerative procedures.