Meta-Analysis: Effects of Obesity and Family History of Diabetes Mellitus on the Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus is a serious complication of pregnancy, this is due to impaired carbohydrate tolerance which results in increased blood sugar levels and was first noticed during pregnancy. Gestational diabetes mellitus is a global problem in terms of its incidence and impact. Studies suggest that obesity and a family history of diabetes mellitus are important risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to analyze the influence of obesity and family history of diabetes mellitus on the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus by meta-analysis. Subjects and Method: This was a systematic review and meta-analysis carried out by following the PRISMA flow diagram. The electronic database for article searches is as follows: PubMed, Science Direct, Springer Link, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The search for articles was carried out on articles published from 2010 to 2020. The keywords used were "gestational diabetes mellitus AND obesity", "gestational diabetes mellitus AND family history. The inclusion criteria were full text articles, used English, cross-sectional study design, and results reported in adjusted odds ratio (aOR). P= Pregnant mother. I= Obesity and family history of diabetes mellitus. C= No obesity and no family history of diabetes mellitus. O= gestational diabetes mellitus. Articles that meet the requirements are analyzed using the Revman 5.3. Results: Nine articles were reviewed in this study with a total of 11,657 subjects. The results of the meta-analysis showed that obesity increased the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus 1.81 times compared with non-obese (aOR= 1.81; 95% CI= 1.53 to 2.15; p <0.001). Having a family history of diabetes mellitus increased the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus 2.08 times compared with those without a family history of diabetes mellitus (aOR= 2.08; 95% CI= 1.34 to 3.22; p <0.001). Conclusion: Obesity and a family history of diabetes mellitus increase the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus.