Environmental Consequences of Soil Erosion

T. Golubović
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Abstract

Soil is one of the most valuable natural resources. Despite soil importance, the pressures on soil have increased in recent decades. Soil degradation is a critical and growing problem, whereby soil erosion presents a prevailing process compared to other degradative processes. The intensity of erosion depends on the topography, climate conditions, soil characteristics, human activities, and the presence of vegetation. In this chapter, the diverse factors that cause soil erosion have been evaluated. The level of damage associated with soil erosion has been analyzed, with emphasis on the impacts they may have on the global carbon cycle, phosphorus loss, dust emissions, eutrophication, and soil biodiversity.
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土壤侵蚀的环境后果
土壤是最宝贵的自然资源之一。尽管土壤很重要,但近几十年来土壤面临的压力有所增加。土壤退化是一个严重和日益严重的问题,因此,与其他退化过程相比,土壤侵蚀是一个普遍的过程。侵蚀的强度取决于地形、气候条件、土壤特征、人类活动和植被的存在。本章对造成土壤侵蚀的各种因素进行了评价。分析了与土壤侵蚀相关的损害程度,重点分析了它们对全球碳循环、磷流失、粉尘排放、富营养化和土壤生物多样性的影响。
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