A A Descriptive Correlational Study of Vascular Foramina in Adult Human Femora in Cadavers in Pakistan

Hafsa Arshad Azam Raja, Dr. Arsalan Manzoor Mughal, Prof. Syed Tehzeeb Ul Hassan, Beenish Sabir, Sheikh Mohammad Ahmad
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Abstract

Background: This study was conducted to study the variations in the number and location of nutrient and epiphyseal vascular foramina of the femur in the Pakistani population Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from April -June '2022 after getting ethical approval. Data collection tool: 24-gauge hypodermic needles & measuring tapes. Data collection and Analysis: SPSS & Excel Inclusion & exclusion criteria: Anatomically sound bones were included from the bone bank of RMU; pathological, deformed bones were excluded Results: Out of 80 bones 66.6% had single nutrient foramina, whereas 31.3% had two on the shaft. 82.05% of foramina were type II, 16.67% were type I and 1.26% were type III. Only 2.5% had no foramina. Majorly the nutrient foramina were found on the medial surface, medial lips or between the lips of linea aspera. There was no significant difference bilaterally in the mean foraminal index, foraminal length, or several epiphyseal vascular foramina, which were 18.65 cm, 42.66 cm, and 16 cm respectively. Conclusion: Most of the nutrient foramina in the femora were found in the middle third of the shaft, either on the medial lip of the Linea Aspera or on the shaft’s medial surface; however, variations in their location have been found. The mean epiphyseal vascular foramen ranged from 6 to 26. The article finds its implications in orthopaedic surgery and osteogenesis. Key words: Epiphyses, Diaphysis, Femur, long bones, Hip joint, Arteries, Pathology, Research, osteogenesis, Population
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巴基斯坦成人股骨血管孔的描述性相关性研究
背景:本研究旨在研究巴基斯坦人群股骨营养孔和骨骺血管孔数量和位置的变化。方法:在获得伦理批准后,本描述性横断面研究于2022年4月至6月进行。数据收集工具:24号皮下注射针和测量带。数据收集与分析:SPSS和Excel纳入与排除标准:从RMU骨库中纳入解剖健全的骨;结果:80块骨中66.6%有单个营养孔,31.3%在骨轴上有两个营养孔。ⅱ型占82.05%,ⅰ型占16.67%,ⅲ型占1.26%。只有2.5%没有孔。营养孔主要分布在粗线的内表面、内唇或唇间。在平均椎间孔指数、椎间孔长度和几个骨骺血管孔方面,两组间差异无统计学意义,分别为18.65 cm、42.66 cm和16 cm。结论:股骨营养孔主要分布在轴的中间三分之一处,或在粗线内侧唇,或在轴内侧表面;然而,人们发现它们的位置存在差异。骨骺血管孔平均为6 ~ 26个。本文发现其在骨科手术和成骨方面的意义。关键词:骨骺,骨干,股骨,长骨,髋关节,动脉,病理,研究,成骨,人群
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