Impact of two energetic drinks on color stability, surface roughness and microhardness of some ceramic and hybrid materials

Abstract

Objective To evaluate the impact of two energetic drinks on color stability (CS), surface roughness (SR) and microhardness (HV) of some ceramic and hybrid materials. Materials and methods A total of 72 square-shaped samples (0.8 mm in thickness, 10 mm in width and 12 mm in length) were divided into three groups (n = 24) according to the studied materials: Celtra Duo, IPS e.max CAD/CAM and Nacera Hybrid. Each group was subdivided into three subgroups (n = 8) according to the three immersion solutions applied: artificial saliva, Hype and Power horse energetic drinks. Samples were sectioned using an Isomet 4000 (Buehler, Lake Bluff, USA) and then stored in artificial saliva for 24 h before doing the baseline color, surface roughness and microhardness measurements. For determination of color change (ΔE), a reflective spectrophotometer was used. Surface roughness (SR) testing was carried out using an optical profilometer with a built-in camera and the microhardness (HV) investigation was performed with a Microhardness Digital Tester. After 60 days of immersion in energetic drinks, these measurements for color stability, surface roughness and microhardness were repeated in the same way. Data were tabulated and analyzed using a two-way ANOVA followed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test with a significance level assigned at P ≤ 0.05 for all tests. Results Statistical analysis revealed significant differences between studied groups for CS (P = 0.031), SR (P = 0.012) and HV (P = 0.028). Celtra Duo recorded the lowest color change (0.57 ± 0.09) and surface roughness (0.2499 ± 0.0033) and greatest microhardness (659.62 ± 6.10) with all immersion solutions. Nacera Hybrid material showed poorer values in all investigated properties compared to Celtra Duo and IPS e.max ceramics. For all studied materials, the greatest effect of immersion solutions on CS, SR and HV was exhibited by Power horse followed by Hype and artificial saliva. Conclusions The energetic drinks studied significantly increased SR and decreased CS and VH of Nacera Hybrid. Celtra Duo and IPS e.max CAD/CAM ceramics showed greater resistance to acidic energetic drinks compared Nacera Hybrid material. Clinical significance It is essential for the dentist to reinforce the awareness of patients regarding the risks of heavy consumption of energetic drinks. Nacera Hybrid material is a promising material but should not be used in esthetic restorations.