Grouping by Visual Appearance of Construction and Demolition Waste for Sorting Time Reduction with the Aim of Removing Asbestos-Containing Materials

H. Asakura, K. Nakagawa
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Abstract

As asbestos-containing waste from building demolitions has to undergo special treatment prior to recycling or final disposal, the demolition of buildings and the sorting of waste materials are conducted after checking for asbestos content in the construction materials (according to ISO, EPA or JIS). However, as solid waste is usually a mixture, it is possible that asbestos-containing material (ACM) is present in construction and demolition waste (CDW) that is transported to an intermediate treatment facility for CDW. In addition, the presence of ACM in disaster waste cannot be avoided. Therefore, a rapid method for the determination of asbestos at an intermediate treatment facility for CDW is required. In this study, the separation efficiency and the sorting time of CDW particles by grouping by visual appearance (GVA) were determined. In the case that the separation efficiency by GVA in this study was equivalent to that by visual observation with a loupe (DVL) in a previous study, the reduction of sorting time by GVA was evaluated. Newton’s separation efficiency by GVA and recovery rate were equivalent to that by DVL for 5.1 cm2 observation. In this case, the sorting time by GVA was 1/7 of that by DVL. Therefore, sorting time could be shortened by GVA under the condition of equivalent separation efficiency. In order to reduce the sorting time per worker to less than 1 h/t, only CDWPs having particle size larger than 12 cm for GVA or 20 cm for DVL for 5.1 cm2 observation should be subjected to sorting. Aiming to avoid diffusion of asbestos-containing waste, the authors suggest that grouping by visual appearance as a primary sorting step is effective to reduce sorting time of CDW from disaster waste or unknown origin.
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将建筑及拆卸废物按外观分类,以减少分类时间,以去除含石棉物料
由于拆卸楼宇所产生的含石棉废物在回收或最终处置前须经过特殊处理,因此在拆卸楼宇及对废物进行分类前,均须先检查建筑材料中的石棉含量(根据ISO、EPA或JIS)。然而,由于固体废物通常是一种混合物,在运输到中间处理设施的建筑和拆除废物(CDW)中可能存在含石棉材料(ACM)。此外,ACM在灾难废弃物中的存在是不可避免的。因此,需要一种快速测定CDW中间处理设施中石棉的方法。本研究采用视觉外观分组法(GVA)对CDW颗粒的分离效率和分选时间进行了测定。在本研究中GVA的分选效率与前人研究中肉眼观察(DVL)的分选效率相当的情况下,评价GVA减少分选时间的效果。5.1 cm2观测时,GVA法牛顿分离效率和回收率与DVL法相当。在这种情况下,GVA的排序时间是DVL的1/7。因此,在分离效率相当的情况下,GVA可以缩短分选时间。为了将每个工人的分拣时间减少到小于1 h/t,只有粒径大于12 cm的GVA或大于20 cm的DVL (5.1 cm2观察)才能进行分拣。为了避免含石棉废物的扩散,作者建议将视觉外观分组作为主要分类步骤,可以有效地减少灾害废物或来源不明的CDW的分类时间。
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