The Development of Napoleon’s Theorem on the Quadrilateral in Case of Outside Direction

Abstract

In this article we discuss Napoleon’s theorem on the rectangles having two pairs of parallel sides for the case of outside direction. The proof of Napoleon’s theorem is carried out using a congruence approach. In the last section we discuss the development of Napoleon’s theorem on a quadrilateral by drawing a square from the midpoint of a line connecting each of the angle points of each square, where each of the squares is constructed on any quadrilateral and forming a square by using the row line concept.