{"title":"Atorvastatin and gemfibrozil alter zebrafish behavior","authors":"Zeyana Al-Ghafri, A. Al-Habsi, Michael J. Barry","doi":"10.1080/10236244.2023.2211220","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The pharmaceuticals atorvastatin and gemfibrozil are prescribed for the treatment of high blood cholesterol. Atorvastatin has been detected in surface waters at a concentrations of 250 ng/L while gemfibrozil at 0.5 μg/L. We tested the effects of atorvastatin and gemfibrozil individually and in combination on the swimming behavior and response of zebrafish (Danio rerio) to a conspecific alarm cue. We also measured whole-body cortisol and the effect of the alarm on metabolic rate. Fish exposed to nominal concentrations of 0.075 and 7.5 μg/L atorvastatin showed exaggerated responses to the alarm. In contrast, a high gemfibrozil concentration (nominal: 250 μg/L) alone and in combination with atorvastatin inhibited the alarm response suggesting an antagonistic effect. Neither drug affected total cortisol. After exposure to the alarm chemical the metabolic rate of control fish increased, but all other treatments decreased. This study shows that these drugs can effect behaviour at environmentally relevant concentrations.","PeriodicalId":18210,"journal":{"name":"Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology","volume":"34 1","pages":"73 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9000,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10236244.2023.2211220","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
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Abstract
ABSTRACT The pharmaceuticals atorvastatin and gemfibrozil are prescribed for the treatment of high blood cholesterol. Atorvastatin has been detected in surface waters at a concentrations of 250 ng/L while gemfibrozil at 0.5 μg/L. We tested the effects of atorvastatin and gemfibrozil individually and in combination on the swimming behavior and response of zebrafish (Danio rerio) to a conspecific alarm cue. We also measured whole-body cortisol and the effect of the alarm on metabolic rate. Fish exposed to nominal concentrations of 0.075 and 7.5 μg/L atorvastatin showed exaggerated responses to the alarm. In contrast, a high gemfibrozil concentration (nominal: 250 μg/L) alone and in combination with atorvastatin inhibited the alarm response suggesting an antagonistic effect. Neither drug affected total cortisol. After exposure to the alarm chemical the metabolic rate of control fish increased, but all other treatments decreased. This study shows that these drugs can effect behaviour at environmentally relevant concentrations.
期刊介绍：
Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology is devoted to the publication of papers covering field and laboratory research into all aspects of the behaviour and physiology of all marine and freshwater animals within the contexts of ecology, evolution and conservation.
As the living resources of the world’s oceans, rivers and lakes are attracting increasing attention as food sources for humans and for their role in global ecology, the journal will also publish the results of research in the areas of fisheries biology and technology where the behaviour and physiology described have clear links to the contexts mentioned above.
The journal will accept for publication Research Articles, Reviews, Rapid Communications and Technical Notes (see Instructions for authors for details). In addition, Editorials, Opinions and Book Reviews (invited and suggested) will also occasionally be published. Suggestions to the Editor-In-Chief for Special Issues are encouraged and will be considered on an ad hoc basis.
With the goal of supporting early career researchers, the journal particularly invites submissions from graduate students and post-doctoral researchers. In addition to recognising the time constraints and logistical limitations their research often faces, and their particular need for a prompt review process, accepted articles by such researchers will be given prominence within the journal (see Instructions for authors for details).
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