Orthogonality graphs of real Cayley-Dickson algebras. Part I: Doubly alternative zero divisors and their hexagons

Abstract

We study zero divisors whose components alternate strongly pairwise and construct oriented hexagons in the zero divisor graph of an arbitrary real Cayley–Dickson algebra. In case of the algebras of the main sequence, the zero divisor graph coincides with the orthogonality graph, and any hexagon can be extended to a double hexagon. We determine the multiplication table of the vertices of a double hexagon. Then we find a sufficient condition for three elements to generate an alternative subalgebra of an arbitrary Cayley–Dickson algebra. Finally, we consider those zero divisors whose components are both standard basis elements up to sign. We classify them and determine necessary and sufficient conditions under which two such elements are orthogonal.