Closeness and distance: relationships and sexuality during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States

Abstract

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 global pandemic has significantly impacted relationship and sexual intimacy dynamics. This study explores how social distancing and lockdown measures have influenced emotional and physical connectedness within relationships and sexuality. We conducted a national, cross-sectional survey of adults in the United States (N = 260) with online recruitment through Qualtrics from April-June 2020. Open-ended items were the primary focus of this study and were analysed using inductive thematic analyses using Dedoose online software with a team of three coders. Several relationship dynamic themes emerged from the data, including (1) no change; (2) general relationship changes; (3) emotional changes; (4) decreases in sexuality or sex drive; (5) increases in sexuality or sex drive. Negative effects on relationships stemmed primarily from time demands, stress, and social distancing; these may be positively affected by reductions in the COVID-19 pandemic rates. We also found positive results with increased amounts of time with partners and self-exploration, and uses of technology to bridge distance. Clinicians in both primary care and therapeutic settings may incorporate intimacy into their practice to support the integral nature of intimate relationships for many individuals.