Velocity and particle-flux characteristics of turbulent particle-laden jets

Y. Hardalupas, A. M. Taylor, J. Whitelaw
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引用次数: 190

Abstract

The velocity and flux of spherical glass beads with nominal diameters of 200, 80 and 40 μm have been obtained by phase-Doppler anemometry in a round unconfined air jet over the first 28 diameters. The jet diameter was 15 mm and the exit velocity was 13 ms-1 giving a Reynolds number of 13 000 and a timescale of 1.15 ms, which increased quadratically with axial distance: the bead inertial time constants were 298, 48 and 12 ms. The purposes of the experiments were to quantify the velocity and flux characteristics of the beads and of the gas phase in the presence of the beads as a function of bead diameter and of the mass loading in the jet nozzle. Due to the large inertia of the 200 μm beads, the mean bead velocity downstream of the exit of the jet was constant and independent of mass loading up to 0.37 and the axial root mean square (r.m.s.) bead velocity decayed by about one-fifth : at the exit of the jet, the axial r.m.s. bead velocity was higher than that of the corresponding clean jet. The mean centreline velocity of the 80 μm beads decayed to about one-half of the bead exit velocity by 28 diameters downstream and was independent of mass loading up to 0.86. The decay rate of the mean gas centreline velocity in the presence of the beads reduced as the loading increased because of momentum transfer from the discrete to the gaseous phase. The axial r.m.s. velocity of the beads was comparable to that of the gas phase and both decreased with increasing loading and the rate of spread of the half width of the jet increased with increasing loading. For the 40 μm beads, the decay rate of the mean centreline velocity of the beads decreased with increasing loading and, in contrast to the 80 μm beads, the rate of spread decreased with increasing loading up to 0.80. The axial r.m.s. velocity of the beads became largest at a position downstream of the nozzle exit, which moved downstream with increasing loading and was larger than the axial r.m.s. velocity of the clean jet, although the beads were not expected to be responsive to the frequencies of the energy-containing eddies. The bead axial r.m.s. velocity was more than twice as large as the radial r.m.s. velocity and the correlation coefficient of the cross correlation was larger than that of the clean jet. The large bead turbulence, anisotropy and strong correlation coefficient are explained by the superposition of bead trajectories from regions of different bead mean velocity and are not because of acquisition of axial turbulent motion from the gaseous phase.
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湍流含颗粒射流的速度和颗粒通量特性
用相位多普勒风速法测量了直径分别为200、80和40 μm的球形玻璃微珠在前28个直径范围内的速度和通量。射流直径为15 mm,出口速度为13 ms-1,雷诺数为13 000,时间标度为1.15 ms,随着轴向距离的增加,其惯性时间常数分别为298、48和12 ms。实验的目的是量化小球和气相在小球存在时的速度和通量特性,作为小球直径和喷嘴中质量载荷的函数。由于200 μm弹珠的惯性较大,射流出口下游的平均弹珠速度恒定且与质量载荷无关,最大可达0.37,轴向均方根(r.m.s.)弹珠速度衰减约五分之一,在射流出口,轴向r.m.s.弹珠速度高于相应的干净射流。80 μm微珠的平均中线速度在下游28个直径处衰减为微珠出口速度的一半左右,且与质量加载无关,最高可达0.86。由于动量从离散相转移到气相,随着载荷的增加,珠粒存在时平均气体中心线速度的衰减率降低。小球的轴向均速与气相相当,均随载荷的增加而减小,射流半宽的扩散速率随载荷的增加而增加。对于40 μm珠粒,随着加载量的增加,珠粒平均中线速度的衰减率减小,而与80 μm珠粒相比,扩散率随着加载量的增加而减小,最高可达0.80。在喷嘴出口下游的位置,微球的轴向转矩速度最大,随着载荷的增加而向下游移动,并且比干净射流的轴向转矩速度大,尽管微球对含能涡流的频率没有响应。其轴向转速是径向转速的2倍以上,相关系数大于净射流的相关系数。大的磁珠湍流、各向异性和强相关系数可以用磁珠平均速度不同区域磁珠轨迹的叠加来解释,而不是由于从气相获得轴向磁珠运动。
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