Congenital Heart Defects in Children with Upper Gastrointestinal Anomalies

Abstract

Background: Congenital heart defect is one of the main causes of neonatal death. ‎Although the majority of CHD occur in isolation, a significant number of them associate with ‎noncardiac anomalies. Esophageal Atresia (EA)/ Tracheoesophageal Fistula (TEF) is the most ‎common birth defect of the upper gastrointestinal tract. It is estimated that up to 70% of EA/TEF ‎infants have a second another associated congenital anomaly, such as congenital heart disease. ‎This study determined the proportion of cardiac anomalies among upper gastrointestinal (GI) ‎system malformations in Mashhad Imam Reza Hospital.‎Method: In this retrospective study, records of 38 infants and children with upper GI obstructive ‎disorders were evaluated who referred to Mashhad Imam Reza hospital pediatric heart clinic ‎between 2001 and 2017. Data were entered SPSS version 16 and were analyzed using techniques ‎such as chi-square and T-test.‎Results: Total of 38 babies with upper G.I. obstructive disorders (20 patients were female, ‎‎52.6%), and the mean of birth weight was 2.390 +-0.870 gr. Parents were relative (third-degree ‎or more in 13 patients (34.2%), and 25 patients were nonrelative. Different labeled with the final ‎diagnosis in 4 pt (36.8%) and 24 pt (63.3%), the primary and final diagnosis was the same. ‎Normal echocardiographic findings in 3 pt (7.9%) and abnormal echocardiographic findings in 35 ‎pt (92.1%), 19 pt(50%) had major important C.H.D. and 16 pt (42.1%) had little important ‎C.H.D. ‎Conclusions: The Cardiac defect is the most common associated anomaly in children with ‎EA/TEF, which is divided into two subgroups. The first is an important major CHD that is ‎effective in their gastric surgery and management, and VSD is the most common type of them. ‎The other group is a less important CHD that is not effective in their management.And these ‎patients are at risk for low birth weight and preterm labor