Mechanical Vapor Recompression for the Treatment of Shale-Gas Flowback Water

T. Hayes, Brent Halldorson, P. Horner, J. Ewing, James R. Werline, B. F. Severin
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引用次数: 19

Abstract

Summary Used extensively by the food, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries, the mechanical-vapor-recompression (MVR) process is viewed as a reliable method for recovering demineralized water from concentrated brines. Devon Energy has supported the operation of an advanced MVR system at a north-central Texas (Barnett shale region) treatment facility. At this facility, pretreatment included caustic addition and clarification for total-suspended-solids and iron control. Pretreated shale-gas flowback water was then sent to three MVR units, each rated at 2,000–2,500 B/D (318–398 m3/d). Data were collected during a 60-day period in the summer of 2010. Distilled-water recovery volume averaged 72.5% of the influent water to the MVR units. The influent total dissolved solids (TDS) fed to the MVR units averaged just under 50 000 mg/L. More than 99% of the TDS were captured in the concentrate stream. The fate of multivalent cations; total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH); and benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) throughout the treatment system was determined. Most of the iron and TPH removal (90 and 84%, respectively) occurred during pretreatment. The total removal of iron, magnesium, calcium, barium, and boron from the distillate exceeded 99%. BTEX removal from the distillate exceeded 95%. Electric power at the facility was provided by two natural-gas generators, and compressors associated with the MVR units were driven by natural-gas-fueled internal-combustion engines. Energy requirements at the entire treatment facility were tracked daily by total natural-gas use. Best-fit correlations between treated water and distillate production vs. total plant use of natural gas indicated that there was a base power load throughout the facility of approximately 120 to 140 Mscf/D (3400 to 3960 m3/d) of gas. Approximately 48 scf natural gas/bbl influent water treated (270 m3/m3 influent) or 60.5 scf/bbl distillate produced (340 m3/m3 distillate) was required; this represents an energy cost of less than USD 0.25/bbl treated (USD 0.04/m3 treated) and approximately USD 0.30/bbl of distillate product generated (USD 0.048/m3 distillate), assuming a natural-gas cost of USD 5/million Btu (USD 4.72/GJ). Performance in terms of water recovery and product-water quality was stable throughout the 60-day test.
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机械蒸汽再压缩处理页岩气返排水
机械蒸汽再压缩(MVR)工艺被广泛应用于食品、化工和制药行业,是一种从浓盐水中回收脱盐水的可靠方法。Devon能源公司为德克萨斯州中北部(Barnett页岩地区)处理设施的先进MVR系统提供了支持。在这个设施中,预处理包括碱的添加和总悬浮固体的澄清和铁的控制。然后将预处理后的页岩气返水送入三个MVR装置,每个装置的额定排量为2,000-2,500 B/D (318-398 m3/ D)。数据收集于2010年夏季,为期60天。蒸馏水回收量平均为MVR机组进水的72.5%。输入MVR装置的总溶解固体(TDS)平均略低于50,000 mg/L。99%以上的TDS在浓缩流中被捕获。多价阳离子的命运;总石油烃类;以及整个处理系统中苯、甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯(BTEX)的含量。大部分铁和TPH的去除(分别为90%和84%)发生在预处理过程中。馏出物中铁、镁、钙、钡、硼的去除率超过99%。馏出物BTEX去除率超过95%。该设施的电力由两台天然气发电机提供,与MVR装置相关的压缩机由天然气燃料内燃机驱动。整个处理设施的能源需求每天都通过天然气的总使用量进行跟踪。处理后的水和馏分产量与工厂天然气总使用量之间的最佳相关性表明,整个设施的基本电力负荷约为120至140立方米/天(3400至3960立方米/天)。大约需要48立方英尺/桶的污水处理(270立方米/立方米)或60.5立方英尺/桶的馏出物(340立方米/立方米馏出物);假设天然气成本为5美元/百万Btu(4.72美元/GJ),这意味着处理后的能源成本低于0.25美元/桶(0.04美元/m3),产生的馏分油产品约为0.30美元/桶(0.048美元/m3)。在60天的试验中,水回收率和产品水质表现稳定。
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