{"title":"The AD vacuum system: construction and commissioning","authors":"M. Brouet, J. Hansen, H. Klette, P. Strubin","doi":"10.1109/PAC.1999.795760","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"CERN has built a new experimental facility, called the Antiproton Decelerator (AD), by transforming two existing machines: the \"Antiproton Collector\" (AC) and the \"Antiproton Accumulator\" (AA). To achieve adequate beam performance once the antiproton beam is decelerated to its final value of 0.1 GeV/c, it was necessary to lower the average pressure by nearly two orders of magnitude. For this purpose, a large number of additional pumps were installed and a very careful preparation was applied to a variety of special machine equipment which, in its original construction, was not designed for ultra-high vacuum operation. An important improvement in the outgassing rates was achieved through an extended, mild bake-out of tanks and vacuum vessels containing large amounts of ferrite material and multi-layer thermal insulation. This paper describes the necessary modifications of the vacuum system and in more detail the various steps taken to obtain the required pressure in the low 10/sup -10/ mbar range. It will also report on the unexpected difficulties which were encountered by re-using vacuum components that were not initially designed for bake-out.","PeriodicalId":20453,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1999 Particle Accelerator Conference (Cat. No.99CH36366)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"1999-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"1","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Proceedings of the 1999 Particle Accelerator Conference (Cat. No.99CH36366)","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAC.1999.795760","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Abstract
CERN has built a new experimental facility, called the Antiproton Decelerator (AD), by transforming two existing machines: the "Antiproton Collector" (AC) and the "Antiproton Accumulator" (AA). To achieve adequate beam performance once the antiproton beam is decelerated to its final value of 0.1 GeV/c, it was necessary to lower the average pressure by nearly two orders of magnitude. For this purpose, a large number of additional pumps were installed and a very careful preparation was applied to a variety of special machine equipment which, in its original construction, was not designed for ultra-high vacuum operation. An important improvement in the outgassing rates was achieved through an extended, mild bake-out of tanks and vacuum vessels containing large amounts of ferrite material and multi-layer thermal insulation. This paper describes the necessary modifications of the vacuum system and in more detail the various steps taken to obtain the required pressure in the low 10/sup -10/ mbar range. It will also report on the unexpected difficulties which were encountered by re-using vacuum components that were not initially designed for bake-out.