Effect of mulch types on soil moisture, soil fertility, growth and yield of pineapple (Ananas comosus) in hill zone of Assam

N. Kalita
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Abstract

A field experiment was carried out in Hill Zone of Assam from 2017 to 2019 with the objective of identifying mulch types on soil moisture retention, soil physical and chemical properties, growth and yield of pineapple (Ananas comosus) grown in hill slopes under farmers’ field condition. The treatments consisting of mulching with black polythene, dhaincha (Sesbania aquleata) as mulch, frequent slashing of weeds, soil mulching (soil mounding) and farmers practice without any mulch as control were evaluated in a randomized block design. Soil moisture content at 0-30cm depth was significantly different among the mulching methods and highest value of 14.2% at 0-30cm depth at harvesting was recorded in black polythene followed by slashing of weeds (13.1) and minimum in farmers practice. Soil texture was not affected by various mulches but there was a decline in bulk density with mulching and minimum value of 1.23 kg m-3 was recorded under slashing of weeds. Higher organic carbon (8.8 g kg-1), available nitrogen (341.8 kg ha-1), phosphorus (9.5 kg ha-1) and potassium (100.6 kg ha-1) were recorded in organic mulches i.e. slashing of weeds and dhaincha. The highest yield attributing characters and fruit yield of 38.3t ha-1 was recorded in the black polythene treatment followed by dhaincha as mulch (36.5 t ha-1) and frequent slashing of weed (35.6 t ha-1). Soil mulching and farmers practice recorded significantly lower yield than other treatments.
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覆盖类型对阿萨姆邦丘陵地区菠萝土壤水分、肥力、生长和产量的影响
2017 - 2019年,在阿萨姆邦丘陵地区进行了田间试验,目的是在农民田间条件下,确定不同覆盖类型对坡地凤梨(Ananas comosus)土壤保水性、土壤理化性质、生长和产量的影响。采用随机区组设计对黑聚乙烯覆盖、田籽(Sesbania aquleata)覆盖、频繁修剪杂草、土壤覆盖(土壤堆筑)和农民不覆盖作为对照的处理进行评估。不同覆盖方式在0-30cm深度的土壤含水量差异显著,收获时黑色聚乙烯覆盖的土壤含水量最高,为14.2%,其次是割草(13.1%),农民实践中最低。不同覆盖方式对土壤质地影响不大,但覆盖后土壤容重下降,刈割杂草容重最小,为1.23 kg m-3。有机地膜的有机碳含量(8.8 g kg kg-1)、有效氮含量(341.8 kg hm -1)、磷含量(9.5 kg hm -1)和钾含量(100.6 kg hm -1)均较高。黑聚乙烯处理的产量性状和果实产量最高,为38.3t ha-1,其次是覆盖达因茶(36.5 t ha-1)和频繁刈割(35.6 t ha-1)。土壤覆盖和农民实践的产量显著低于其他处理。
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