Advanced Neuro-Optometric Diagnostic Tests for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury/Concussion: A Narrative Review, Proposed Techniques and Protocols

Abstract

A range of visual deficits and related visual symptoms are common in those afflicted with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI/concussion). Several basic neuro-optometric, diagnostic test protocols have been proposed over the past decade. However, none have specifically addressed and focused upon an advanced level of care. Thus, a comprehensive set of advanced, diagnostic vision tests of a sensory and motor nature is proposed, with all having a clinical and scientific rationale. These tests have been used by the authors for many years, with good success and providing important clinical insights into this population.