Suppression of Fas expression in the hypertensive placental histology of rast given Nano herbal of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaves

Abstract

High blood pressure during pregnancy can signal a high-risk pregnancy and result in difficulties. The expression of Fas is critical for maintaining hypertensive immunity. Fas is prevalent in the trophoblast and enhances maternal-derived apoptosis. Because it contains acylphloroglucinol, flavonoids, tannins, and triterpenes, Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (haramonting) is commonly used in traditional Indonesian medicine to treat high blood pressure. This study aimed to investigate and determine the role of haramonting in lowering Fas expression in hypertensive rats’ placental histopathology. The rats were confirmed to be pregnant and divided into five groups: normal pregnant rats (control); hypertensive rats without treatment; and hypertensive rats given nanoherbal Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (NRT) at different doses: 100 mg/kg body weight (BW), 200 mg/kg BW, and 400 mg/kg BW. On gestation day 20, pregnant rats were euthanized under ketamine anaesthesia. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis was used to examine the expression of the HSP family. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess Fas expression. In hypertensive rats, NRT lowered the systolic and diastolic blood pressure (P < 0.01), and NRT improved placental efficiency and restored birth weight. In hypertensive rats, higher doses of NRT were associated with higher levels of HSP27, HSP70, and HSP90. In placental histology, NRT suppresses Fas expression, acting as an anti-apoptotic agent in trophoblast cells. Because NRT is high in antioxidants and protects cells from hypoxia and dehydration, it suppresses Fas activity in the labyrinthine zone, basal zone, and yolk sac.