Designing a payment for ecosystem services scheme, the practical obstacles for implementation in arid and semiarid rangelands

IF 1.2 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 ECOLOGY Rangeland Journal Pub Date : 2020-12-22 DOI:10.1071/rj19072
E. Zakeri, S. Mousavi, H. Karimzadeh
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) schemes are an innovative solution to reduce environmental degradation. However, most existing experience with PES implementation is related to the agricultural, forestry and marine sectors, and the application of PES in rangelands is limited. Although a PES could be an option to reduce rangeland degradation, there is no specific framework or experience for its implementation in Iran. Financial resources for funding the scheme are important, although funding by itself is not sufficient, and details are important in designing a successful PES system. This study aimed to design and introduce the framework of a PES scheme based on field surveys, information collection and analysis emphasising soil and water conservation functions, and identification and discussion of the challenges and obstacles facing implementation of the designed framework. After delineating the vegetation types on rangeland ecosystems, their current ecological condition was considered the baseline, and minimum and maximum payments were considered, equal to the livestock reduction compensation and the total value of the increased ecosystem services as a result of PES implementation respectively. Results suggest designing the practical steps of PES schemes is complicated despite the concept’s simplicity, and a lack of clear property rights can increase complexity and multiply the costs. Considering different socioeconomic and ecological contexts, and the detailed framework in all the processes of identification and investigation, development, pilot testing, and project operation can increase the effectiveness of PES schemes. Our findings appear useful for policy-making to balance utilisation pressure in natural areas, not only in Iran, but also in many arid and semiarid rangelands elsewhere.
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设计生态系统服务付费方案,在干旱和半干旱草原实施的实际障碍
生态系统服务付费(PES)计划是减少环境退化的创新解决方案。然而,现有的执行实况实况的经验大多与农业、林业和海洋部门有关,实况实况在牧场的应用是有限的。虽然PES可能是减少牧场退化的一种选择,但在伊朗没有具体的实施框架或经验。资助该计划的财政资源很重要,尽管资金本身是不够的,而且设计一个成功的PES系统的细节也很重要。本研究的目的是在实地调查、信息收集和分析的基础上,设计和引入一个以水土保持功能为重点的PES方案框架,并确定和讨论实施所设计的框架所面临的挑战和障碍。在圈定草地生态系统植被类型后,以其当前生态状况为基准,考虑最小和最大补偿,分别等于牲畜减少补偿和PES实施后增加的生态系统服务的总价值。结果表明,尽管PES计划的概念很简单,但设计实际步骤是复杂的,缺乏明确的产权会增加复杂性并使成本成倍增加。考虑到不同的社会经济和生态环境,以及在确定和调查、开发、试点测试和项目运营的所有过程中的详细框架,可以提高PES方案的有效性。我们的研究结果似乎有助于制定政策,以平衡自然地区的利用压力,不仅在伊朗,而且在其他许多干旱和半干旱的牧场。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Rangeland Journal
Rangeland Journal 环境科学-生态学
CiteScore
2.90
自引率
8.30%
发文量
14
审稿时长
>36 weeks
期刊介绍: The Rangeland Journal publishes original work that makes a significant contribution to understanding the biophysical, social, cultural, economic, and policy influences affecting rangeland use and management throughout the world. Rangelands are defined broadly and include all those environments where natural ecological processes predominate, and where values and benefits are based primarily on natural resources. Articles may present the results of original research, contributions to theory or new conclusions reached from the review of a topic. Their structure need not conform to that of standard scientific articles but writing style must be clear and concise. All material presented must be well documented, critically analysed and objectively presented. All papers are peer-reviewed. The Rangeland Journal is published on behalf of the Australian Rangeland Society.
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