Caracterización socioeconómica y ambiental de las fincas productoras de cacao nativo en la provincia de Bagua, Perú

Abstract

The objective was to characterize socioeconomically and environmentally the farms producing native cocoa ( Theobroma cacao L.) in the province of Bagua. It was carried out in 5 districts of the province of Bagua: La Peca, Copallín, El Parco, Imaza and Aramango. A population of 234 farms was considered and an unrestricted sample of 70 farms was calculated; A survey was structured with questions about socioeconomic and environmental aspects of the producer and the farm. 51 qualitative and quantitative variables were obtained, being studied by Multiple Correspondence Factor Analysis (AFCM); likewise, a conglomerate analysis was performed to group according to the similarity of the most discriminating variables. As results, the predominant profile of the producers was male with primary education and between 40 and 60 years old; all farms had basic services, but with limitations. Farms smaller than 5 ha predominated and with production from 400 to more than 1000 kg. ha –1 in shaded crops with planting distances of 3 x 3; in the farms there was pest control and the cultivated soil has vegetal cover and there was presence of forest species. The cluster analysis allowed us to establish three groups of farms with similarities to each other, but with differences between the districts. Socioeconomically, the producers were predominantly male with primary education between 40 and 60 years old who own small farms and live from self-consumption; they also have basic services and access roads but with limitations. Environmentally, in general, the soils of the farms did not present erosion and had a slight slope; they managed vegetation cover, and the farms presented forest species that express that there is conservation and are related to sustainability.