The bulk density amelioration of minespoil with pulverised fuel ash

Abstract

Pulverised fuel ash (PFA) applied at an application rate of 8.3% by weight, incorporated by ploughing to a badly compacted minespoil was shown to reduce bulk density significantly over a one year period. A second ameliorative treatment with 4.8% PFA, and a third treatment with ploughing alone both reduced bulk density after four months, but by twelve months displayed no statistically significant differences in bulk density compared to an untreated control.