FOREST FORMATION PROCESS IN EXTREMELY NARROW FOREST SHELTER BELT

V. Tunyakin, N. Rybalkina, Leonid Shenshin
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Abstract

In the last 30 years, hundreds of thousands of hectares of young shelterbelts in the forest-steppe and steppe zones of Russia were left without proper forest management, and their condition is deteriorating every year. Forest belts are losing their protective and ameliorative functions, while the degradation of agricultural landscapes under the pressure of intensive production continues. For the successful functioning of agricultural landscapes, the presence of forest components is necessary, as stated by the founder of Russian soil science, prof. V.V. Dokuchaev. The article reveals the process of evolution of the forest belt, consisting of a narrow chain of English oak biogroups into a full-fledged forest biocenosis. Forest elements are formed in the forest belt: forest edge, forest litter, self-sowing of oak, Norway maple, red leaved ash, pear, hawthorn and blackthorn. The unsatisfactory condition of 58-year-old oak trees grown per 1 m2 from two to twelve pieces without thinning has been analyzed. The authors came to the conclusion that Yu. Odum's theory of "mutual assistance" among individuals of a biogroup is valid only at the initial period of development of a single plant of a biogroup, after which competition begins. To obtain a viable biogroup, it is necessary to regulate the number of plants, in this case, oak trees. The process of regulation should be started from the moment of closing the crowns in the biogroup
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极窄森林防护林带内的森林形成过程
在过去的30年里,俄罗斯森林草原和草原地带数十万公顷的年轻防护林没有得到适当的森林管理,而且它们的状况每年都在恶化。林带正在丧失其保护和改良功能,而农业景观在集约化生产的压力下继续退化。正如俄罗斯土壤科学创始人多库恰耶夫教授所说,为了农业景观的成功运作,森林成分的存在是必要的。本文揭示了由一个狭窄的英国橡树生物群链组成的林带演变成一个完整的森林生物群落的过程。在林带内形成森林要素:林缘、森林凋落物、自播栎、挪威枫、红叶灰、梨、山楂、黑刺等。对58年橡树每平方米生长2棵到12棵未间伐的不满意状况进行了分析。作者得出的结论是:Odum的生物群体个体之间的“互助”理论仅在生物群体中单个植物发育的初始阶段有效,之后竞争开始。为了获得一个有活力的生物群,有必要调节植物的数量,在这种情况下,是橡树。调控过程应从生物群冠闭合的那一刻开始
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