Immunological Examination of Echinococcus granulosus as a Candidate for Cancer Treatment and Vaccine Development: A Review Study

Mahdi Shooraj, Elahe Hajipour, S. Mahdavi
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Echinococcus granulosus, is a cestode parasite that causes cystic echinococcosis. The vaccination procedure with tumor-associated antigens, coming from evolutionary distant organisms such as parasites, can be beneficial to override tolerance problems encountered with human tumor-associated antigens-based cancer therapeutic approaches. In this article, different databases of PubMed, Google Scholar, IranDoc and SID were examined from 2001 to 2021 and related articles were investigated. The review of related studies concerning human beings' treatment revealed the possibility of inhibition of cancer development via HCF antigens and mucin peptides extracted from this cestode.  Besides, HCF treatment in animal models mostly showed that anti-cancer immune responses were activated. Of note, an influential issue in the design process of an anti-cancer vaccine is triggering efficacious anti-tumor responses by using idyllic antigens for immunization against cancer. In this realm, many antigens have been studied for this purpose and showed different ranges of effectiveness. Based on the cross-reactivity among parasitic and tumor antigens, detection of parasitic antigens that are highly homologous with cancer antigens is an ideal objective for immunization against cancer cells. As the toxicity of HCF was reported in some studies, further research are required to shed light on finding an innovative anti-cancer vaccine derived from parasites. This review article is useful for health managers and researchers working on the anti-cancer vaccine development.
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细粒棘球绦虫作为肿瘤治疗和疫苗开发候选物的免疫学研究综述
细粒棘球绦虫是一种引起囊性棘球绦虫病的寄生性寄生虫。使用肿瘤相关抗原(来自进化上遥远的生物体,如寄生虫)的疫苗接种程序,可能有助于克服基于人类肿瘤相关抗原的癌症治疗方法遇到的耐受性问题。本文对2001 - 2021年PubMed、Google Scholar、IranDoc和SID的不同数据库进行了分析,并对相关文章进行了调查。通过对人类治疗相关研究的回顾,揭示了HCF抗原和从HCF中提取的粘蛋白肽抑制肿瘤发展的可能性。此外,在动物模型中,HCF治疗大多显示抗癌免疫反应被激活。值得注意的是,在抗癌疫苗的设计过程中,一个有影响的问题是通过使用田园诗般的抗原来免疫癌症,从而引发有效的抗肿瘤反应。在这个领域,许多抗原已经为此目的进行了研究,并显示出不同范围的有效性。基于寄生抗原与肿瘤抗原之间的交叉反应性,检测与肿瘤抗原高度同源的寄生抗原是免疫肿瘤细胞的理想目标。由于在一些研究中报告了HCF的毒性,因此需要进一步研究以阐明从寄生虫中提取的创新抗癌疫苗。本文对从事抗癌疫苗开发的卫生管理人员和研究人员有一定的参考价值。
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