Trophic interactions drive the emergence of diel vertical migration patterns: a game-theoretic model of copepod communities

Jérôme Pinti, T. Kiørboe, U. H. Thygesen, André W. Visser
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引用次数: 21

Abstract

Diel vertical migration (DVM), the daily movement of organisms through oceanic water columns, is mainly driven by spatio-temporal variations in the light affecting the intensity of predator–prey interactions. Migration patterns of an organism are intrinsically linked to the distribution of its conspecifics, its prey and its predators, each with their own fitness-seeking imperatives. We present a mechanistic, trait-based model of DVM for the different components of a pelagic community. Specifically, we consider size, sensory mode and feeding mode as key traits, representing a community of copepods that prey on each other and are, in turn, preyed upon by fish. Using game-theoretic principles, we explore the optimal distribution of the main groups of a planktonic pelagic food web simultaneously. Within one single framework, our model reproduces a whole suite of observed patterns, such as size-dependent DVM patterns of copepods and reverse migrations. These patterns can only be reproduced when different trophic levels are considered at the same time. This study facilitates a quantitative understanding of the drivers of DVM, and is an important step towards mechanistically underpinned predictions of DVM patterns and biologically mediated carbon export.
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营养相互作用驱动diel垂直迁移模式的出现:桡足动物群落的博弈论模型
生物在海洋水体中的垂直迁移(Diel vertical migration, DVM)主要受光的时空变化驱动,光会影响捕食者-猎物相互作用的强度。一个生物的迁徙模式与它的同种生物、猎物和捕食者的分布有着内在的联系,每一种生物都有自己的适应性要求。我们提出了一个机制的,基于特征的DVM模型,用于不同组成部分的远洋群落。具体来说,我们认为大小、感觉模式和摄食模式是关键特征,代表了一个相互捕食的桡足动物群落,反过来又被鱼捕食。利用博弈论原理,探讨了浮游海洋食物网中主要种群的最优分布。在一个单一的框架内,我们的模型再现了一整套观察到的模式,例如桡足类动物的大小依赖的DVM模式和反向迁移。这些模式只有在同时考虑不同的营养水平时才能重现。该研究促进了对DVM驱动因素的定量理解,是对DVM模式和生物介导的碳输出进行机械基础预测的重要一步。
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