Genesis of Harizha Ag–Pb–Zn deposit in the eastern Kunlun Orogen, NW China: Evidence of fluid inclusions and C–H–O–S–Pb isotopes

IF 1.1 4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOLOGY Resource Geology Pub Date : 2021-03-18 DOI:10.1111/rge.12256
Xingzhu Fan, F. Sun, Chenghan Xu, Wei Xin, Ying-chao Wang, Yong Zhang
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引用次数: 4

Abstract

The Harizha Ag–Pb–Zn deposit is located in the eastern part of the eastern Kunlun Orogen, NW China. Two episodes including five paragenetic stages of vein mineralization has been recognized for the Harizha Ag–Pb–Zn deposit through petrographic observation: quartz + pyrite + arsenopyrite (Stage I), quartz + pyrite + chalcopyrite + pyrrhotite (Stage II), quartz + pyrite + chalcocite + pyrrhotite + sphalerite + galena + pyrargyrite (Stage III), quartz + calcite + pyrite + tetrahedrite + pyrolusite (Stage IV), and calcite + covellite + malachite + goethite + graphite (Stage V). In the quartz or calcite three types of fluid inclusions (FIs) were identified: L‐type, C‐type, and S‐type. The S‐type inclusions are only found in quartz in the wall rocks. The C‐type inclusions occur in quartz from early episodes (Stage I and II). The FIs from the early episodes homogenized at 240–320°C, with salinities of 9–12 wt.% NaCl equivalent. The ore‐forming fluids at the early episodes belong to an H2O–CO2–CH4–NaCl system. The FIs from late episodes (Stage III and IV) homogenized at 140–240°C, with salinities of 2–8 wt% NaCl equivalent. The ore‐forming fluids from the late episodes are dominated by an H2O–NaCl fluid system. The HO and CO isotopic compositions of quartz and calcite indicate that the ore‐forming fluids were derived from a primary magmatic‐hydrothermal system, with subsequent meteoric water involvement at a later stage. Sulfides have δ34S values of −3.7 to –1.0‰, and 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb, and 208Pb/204Pb ratios ranging from 18.381 to 18.425, 15.661 to 15.683, and 38.498 to 38.677, respectively. These likely suggest a magmatic sulfur affinity combined with the ore features, mineral associations, alteration characteristics, ore‐forming environment, and fluid evolutionary process. We conclude that the Harizha Ag–Pb–Zn deposit is a typical medium‐low temperature hydrothermal deposit.

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东昆仑造山带哈里扎银铅锌矿床成因:流体包裹体和C-H-O-S-Pb同位素证据
哈日扎银铅锌矿床位于东昆仑造山带东部。通过岩石学观察,确定了哈里扎银铅锌矿床的脉状矿化分为两期共成期:石英+黄铁矿+毒砂(第1阶段),石英+黄铁矿+黄铜矿+磁黄铁矿(第2阶段),石英+黄铁矿+辉铜矿+磁黄铁矿+闪锌矿+方铅矿+磁黄铁矿(第3阶段),石英+方解石+黄铁矿+四面体+软锰矿(第4阶段),方解石+软锰矿+孔雀石+针铁矿+石墨(第5阶段)。在石英或方解石中鉴定出3种类型的流体包裹体:L型、C型和S型。S型包裹体只存在于围岩中的石英中。C型包裹体出现在石英早期阶段(第一阶段和第二阶段)。早期阶段的包裹体在240-320°C时均匀化,盐度为9-12 wt。% NaCl当量。早期成矿流体为H2O-CO2-CH4-NaCl体系。晚期(III期和IV期)的FIs在140-240°C下均质,盐度为2-8 wt% NaCl当量。晚期成矿流体以H2O-NaCl流体体系为主。石英和方解石的H - O和C - O同位素组成表明成矿流体来源于原始岩浆-热液系统,后期有大气水的参与。硫化物的δ34S值为−3.7 ~ -1.0‰,206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb和208Pb/204Pb比值分别为18.381 ~ 18.425、15.661 ~ 15.683和38.498 ~ 38.677。结合矿石特征、矿物组合、蚀变特征、成矿环境和流体演化过程,表明岩浆对硫具有亲和性。结果表明,哈里扎银铅锌矿床为典型的中低温热液矿床。
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来源期刊
Resource Geology
Resource Geology 地学-地质学
CiteScore
2.30
自引率
14.30%
发文量
18
审稿时长
12 months
期刊介绍: Resource Geology is an international journal focusing on economic geology, geochemistry and environmental geology. Its purpose is to contribute to the promotion of earth sciences related to metallic and non-metallic mineral deposits mainly in Asia, Oceania and the Circum-Pacific region, although other parts of the world are also considered. Launched in 1998 by the Society for Resource Geology, the journal is published quarterly in English, making it more accessible to the international geological community. The journal publishes high quality papers of interest to those engaged in research and exploration of mineral deposits.
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