Bryophyte diversity as an indication of habitat quality in two special areas of conservation on the outskirts of Vilnius (Verkiai Regional Park)

Abstract

The research results on bryophyte diversity in two special areas of conservation (Environs of Lakes Žalieji and Ežerėliai Complex ) included into the Natura 2000 network and occurring on the outskirts of Vilnius are presented. The study aimed to ascertain bryophyte diversity at the studied sites. In addition, the conservation status of habitats protected under the European Union Habitats Directive in terms of bryophyte species they contain was evaluated. The research was carried out in 2019–2020 and 2022 and covered all habitat types and substrata in the territories. A total of 110 bryophyte species (11 liverworts and 99 mosses) were recorded in both studied areas. About 70% of bryophytes were recorded in one of the areas. Among 13 habitats protected under the Habitats Directive, bryophyte diversity in three of them confirmed their favourable status. Habitats with dominant deciduous trees (9020 Fennoscandian hemiboreal natural old broad-leaved deciduous forests rich in epiphytes and 9180 Tilio-Acerion forests of slopes, screes and ravines) distributed in the area Environs of Lakes Žalieji were characterised by a large number of epiphytes, among which there were also indicators of favourable habitat conservation status. In both habitats, Dicranum viride was recorded. Our research did not reveal bryophyte species indicating the favourable status of 9010 Western taiga habitats. In contrast, small areas of wetland habitats are of favourable conservation status. Three typical bryophyte species (Hamatocaulis vernicosus, Sphagnum warnstorfii and Tomentypnum nitens) were recorded in 7140 Transition mires and quaking bogs (the area Ežerėliai Complex). The results of our study confirm that some habitats of Vilnius outskirts, despite increased pressure of urbanisation, are still able to maintain favourable status.