Osteoporosis en mujeres en climaterio, prevalencia y factores de riesgo asociados

Abstract

Background

Osteoporosis is recognized as a multifactorial systemic skeletal disorder, characterized by low bone mass and loss of bone tissue microarchitecture, which compromises its resistance, with the consequent increase in bone fragility and increased susceptibility to fractures. The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of osteoporosis and associated risk factors in women in climacteric.

Materials and methods

Observational, descriptive cross-sectional study. Of a population of 705 women, belonging to the menopause and climacteric program, 618 (87.65%) were enrolled. Women of 40 years or more were included, in climacteric, and with risk factors for bone loss or fractures, residents in Quindío (Colombia); attended between May 2015 and August 2017 in a private institution of high complexity in Armenia (Quindío). Oophorectomized women, with cancer, were receiving radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Sampling was done for convenience. Socio-demographic and clinical variables were measured. Measures of central tendency and dispersion or average were described. A bivariate analysis was performed between the presence of osteoporosis and the associated factors, the Odds ratio (OR) was calculated with its respective 95% confidence interval (95% CI).

Results

The average age was 57.46 ± 7.38 years. The prevalence of osteoporosis in the general population was 34.46% (n = 213); being superior in those over 60 years (63.38%, n = 135) with respect to minors (36.61%, n = 78). In those over 70 it was 65.92%. The prevalence of vertebral fracture in those over 60 years was 17.96%. The incidence of hip fracture was 9.22%. The incidence of wrist fracture was 12.13%. Bone mineral density was normal in 20.38% (n = 126). Osteopenia was found in 45.14% (n = 279). The risk factors significantly related to osteoporosis were: age over 60 years, vitamin D deficiency, postmenopausal time greater than 10 years and not receiving hormone replacement therapy.

Discussion

The presence of osteoporosis is a common problem in women in climacteric. The prevalence increases as the age of women increases. When taking into account each of the factors involved, you should try to know that relationship, in order to be able to treat them together.

Evidence Level: II