Judith Pérez-Rojas , Luis Alberto Rubio-Martínez , María Josefina Artes-Martinez , Mireya Prieto-Rodríguez , José Francisco Vera-Sempere
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Abstract
Introduction
Tubulointerstitial nephritis associated with the BK virus is a complication of kidney transplantation. Markers of BK virus replication include the presence of viral inclusions called «Decoy cells» in urine cytology and high titers of ADN viral load in plasma, urine, and renal tissue.
Objective
To evaluate the diagnostic utility of urine cytology for the early identification of BK virus infection by using 3 different types of cytological screening.
Results
Urinary cytology as a diagnostic test showed high sensitivity (81.4%) in identifying renal transplant recipients with BK virus infection. Specificity was only 22.6%. The 3 methods of urine cytology screening appeared to have similar effectiveness in quantifying cell density.
Conlusions
Urine cytology is a reliable test for the detection of Decoy cells but is not diagnostic. Irrespective of the screening method used, detection of Decoy cells may be an indirect and sensitive method for estimating the existence of BK viral replication, although urinary polymerase chain reaction and kidney biopsy have greater specificity in the diagnosis of BK virus nephritis.
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