Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of Perceptions of Physical Restraint Use Questionnaire

Abstract

Objectives: One of the fundamental responsibilities of nurses in care is to prevent harm to the patients and others. Many nurses use physical restraints to achieve this goal. Considering that the use of physical restraints in older patients is associated with physical and psychological complications and ethical issues, it is important to identify the nurses’ perceptions of using physical restraint in hospitalized older adults. This study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of Perception of Physical Restraint Use Questionnaire (PRUQ) to be used in caring for hospitalized older adults in Iran. Methods & Materials: This is a methodological study with a descriptive cross-sectional design that was conducted in hospitals in Kermanshah (Western Iran) in 2019. After obtaining permission from the developers of PRUQ, translation to Persian was performed according to standard protocol of World Health Organization. Then, the Persian version was completed by 330 nurses who were selected by a convenience sampling method based on the inclusion criteria. Then, its face validity and content validity (qualitatively and quantitatively), construct validity using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), test-retest reliability, internal consistency and structural reliability were assessed. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS v. 23 and AMOS v. 5 applications. Results: Results showed a Content Validity Index (CVR) of 0.78 and a scale CVI of 0.88. Based on the results of EFA and CFA, three factors were extracted including “prevention of fall”, “prevention of interruption or interference in treatment” and “providing safe environment”. The good fit of the three-factor model of the Persian PRUQ was approved based on the model fit indices (Chi square/degree of freedom=2.27, Goodness-of-Fit Index=0.83, Comparative Fit Index =0.91, Normed Fit Index=0.92, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation=0.08). The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.82), structural reliability (>0.70) and intraclass correlation coefficient (0.86). Conclusion: The Persian version of PRUQ has good validity and reliability to be used in nurses working in hospitals in Iran. It can be used in future studies in this population.