Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes of Pregnant Women with COVID-19: A Case–Control Study at a Tertiary Care Center in India

Abstract

Aim and background:Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), how it affects pregnancy very little is known. To identify maternal and neonatal risks associated with COVID-19 in pregnancy and to describe outcome a matched case–control study was done. Materials and methods: In this study, COVID-19 reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) positive women who delivered from May 1, 2020, to August 31, 2020, were included. Cases were classified according to their severity and investigations. Controls were selected from COVID-19 negative women in a 1:1 ratio who delivered in the study period. Data were collected, analyzed in terms of maternal and neonatal outcomes. Results: Of the total 181 COVID-19 cases delivered during the study period, there were 97.23% mild, 2.76% moderate, and 0.55% severe cases. A total of 178 (98.34%) were diagnosed in the third trimester. More COVID-19 cases were from urban areas. Mean gestational age in the mild category was 38.1 weeks and the moderate/severe category was 37.5 weeks. Around 154 (85.08%) were asymptomatic. Cases had more medical and pregnancy morbidity than controls, which was statistically significant. About 52.49% of cases and 33% of controls had cesarean. Length of hospital stay was more in cases. Mean birth weight was 2.7 ± 0.59 kg in cases and 2.5 ± 0.56 kg in control. There were 7 stillbirths in each group. A total of 14 in cases and 16 in controls were transferred to the newborn intensive care unit (NICU). Conclusion: The majority of COVID-19 infected women who are asymptomatic are in the mild category and there are no adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes due to the disease. The adversity of maternal and neonatal outcomes depends on the severity and severity of the disease is dependent on advanced maternal age and presence of comorbidities.