Assessment of heavy metal pollution in marine sediments receiving produced water, Delta State, Nigeria

M. Ngwoke, O. Igwe, O. Ozioko
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Every aspect of oil and gas operations poses significant negative impacts on the environment in varying levels, these environmental impacts have economic and public health consequences on the indigenes of the operation locality. Produced water discharge is one of such aspects of the upstream oil and gas operation whose potential for environmental degradation has necessitated both local and international regulations for its governance. This research focuses on the environmental assessment of heavy metal pollution on marine sediments receiving treated produced water in Delta state, Nigeria. Sediment samples were obtained from produced water discharge area at various distances from the disposal point. Heavy metals (Cadmium, Zinc, Iron, Lead, Chromium, Vanadium, Barium, Nickel and Manganese) concentrations in the sediment were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry method. In the sediment, manganese, nickel, chromium, lead, cadmium and zinc were detected in all the locations and showed no significant difference across the various locations. Barium and vanadium were detected in some location although no statistical difference was established across the locations. Iron concentration showed significant difference across the various locations. The results of heavy metals contamination factor in marine sediments ranged from low contamination to very high contamination (CF<1; 3 ≤ CF ≥ 6). High contamination values were recorded for vanadium (Location SD16, 21 and 22) and barium locations (SD8 and 21). The enrichment factor of heavy metals ranged from minimal to moderate, significant and very high enrichment. Barium, Nickel and Manganese showed the highest variation in enrichment factor. Other than cadmium and barium that showed moderate risk (40 ≤ Er <80) and very high risk (Er ≥ 320) at some locations respectively, the Ecological Risk Index of heavy metals based on the criteria for risk assessment showed low risk (Er<40) for most of the locations.   Key words: Assessment, environmental impact, produced water, pollution, heavy metal, contamination, sediments.
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尼日利亚三角洲州接收采出水的海洋沉积物重金属污染评估
石油和天然气作业的每一个方面都在不同程度上对环境产生重大的负面影响,这些环境影响对作业地点的土著居民产生经济和公共健康后果。采出水排放是上游油气作业的一个方面,其潜在的环境退化要求当地和国际法规对其进行治理。本研究对尼日利亚三角洲州经处理的采出水对海洋沉积物的重金属污染进行了环境评价。从离处理点不同距离的采出水排放区获得沉积物样本。采用原子吸收分光光度法分析沉积物中重金属(镉、锌、铁、铅、铬、钒、钡、镍、锰)的浓度。在沉积物中,锰、镍、铬、铅、镉和锌在所有地点都被检测到,并且在不同地点之间没有显著差异。在某些位置检测到钡和钒,但在不同位置之间没有统计学差异。不同地点的铁浓度差异显著。海洋沉积物重金属污染因子从低污染到极高污染(CF<1;3≤CF≥6)。钒(位置SD16、21和22)和钡(位置SD8和21)的污染值较高。重金属富集系数从极小到中等、显著到极高富集。钡、镍、锰富集因子变化最大。基于风险评价标准的重金属生态风险指数显示,除镉和钡在部分地点分别为中度风险(40≤Er< 80)和非常高风险(Er≥320)外,大多数地点为低风险(Er<40)。关键词:评价,环境影响,采出水,污染,重金属,污染,沉积物
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来源期刊
International Journal of Physical Sciences
International Journal of Physical Sciences 综合性期刊-综合性期刊
自引率
0.00%
发文量
4
审稿时长
24 months
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