Effects of nutrition on pregnant and lactating sows.

S. Einarsson, T. Rojkittikhun
{"title":"Effects of nutrition on pregnant and lactating sows.","authors":"S. Einarsson, T. Rojkittikhun","doi":"10.1530/biosciprocs.14.0016","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"It has been suggested that the long-term reproduction of the sow is best served by minimizing weight and fat loss in lactation. Such a strategy would require only a minimal restoration of weight in the following pregnancy, which would be beneficial, since the greater feed intake and weight gain in pregnancy, the greater the weight loss in lactation. Feeding ad libitum should be practised during lactation while gestation feed intake must be held low. A relationship between feed intake and embryo survival has been demonstrated in several studies, but the data are sometimes difficult to interpret. High energy feeding during the premating period and during early pregnancy, however, are often associated with increased embryo mortality. A short-term starvation in lactation decreased prolactin to post-weaning concentrations, and insulin and glucose to very low concentrations. Prolactin increased very rapidly after refeeding indicating that a neural mechanism might be involved. The increasing levels of cholecystokinin after refeeding and the neural reflex triggered might be related to this increase in prolactin. No changes in LH release were observed during the periods of starvation or refeeding. The catabolic rate during the first week of lactation is higher in sows with higher backfat thickness than in late gestation. As lactation progresses a more balanced metabolism is achieved regardless of backfat thickness before parturition. High-weight-loss primiparous sows need a longer recovery period from their negative energy balance during lactation than do low-weight-loss primiparous sows or multiparous sows. Several investigations have demonstrated that sows losing excessive amounts of body weight have extended weaning to oestrous intervals and an increase in anoestrus. Sows with low body-weight loss during lactation have higher plasma insulin and lower cortisol around weaning than do sows with high body-weight loss. What remains undefined is the degree of weight or condition loss below which an extension in the remating interval will occur and the level of dietary energy intake required to prevent this extension.","PeriodicalId":16956,"journal":{"name":"Journal of reproduction and fertility. Supplement","volume":"15 1","pages":"229-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2020-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"74","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of reproduction and fertility. Supplement","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1530/biosciprocs.14.0016","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 74

Abstract

It has been suggested that the long-term reproduction of the sow is best served by minimizing weight and fat loss in lactation. Such a strategy would require only a minimal restoration of weight in the following pregnancy, which would be beneficial, since the greater feed intake and weight gain in pregnancy, the greater the weight loss in lactation. Feeding ad libitum should be practised during lactation while gestation feed intake must be held low. A relationship between feed intake and embryo survival has been demonstrated in several studies, but the data are sometimes difficult to interpret. High energy feeding during the premating period and during early pregnancy, however, are often associated with increased embryo mortality. A short-term starvation in lactation decreased prolactin to post-weaning concentrations, and insulin and glucose to very low concentrations. Prolactin increased very rapidly after refeeding indicating that a neural mechanism might be involved. The increasing levels of cholecystokinin after refeeding and the neural reflex triggered might be related to this increase in prolactin. No changes in LH release were observed during the periods of starvation or refeeding. The catabolic rate during the first week of lactation is higher in sows with higher backfat thickness than in late gestation. As lactation progresses a more balanced metabolism is achieved regardless of backfat thickness before parturition. High-weight-loss primiparous sows need a longer recovery period from their negative energy balance during lactation than do low-weight-loss primiparous sows or multiparous sows. Several investigations have demonstrated that sows losing excessive amounts of body weight have extended weaning to oestrous intervals and an increase in anoestrus. Sows with low body-weight loss during lactation have higher plasma insulin and lower cortisol around weaning than do sows with high body-weight loss. What remains undefined is the degree of weight or condition loss below which an extension in the remating interval will occur and the level of dietary energy intake required to prevent this extension.
查看原文
分享 分享
微信好友 朋友圈 QQ好友 复制链接
本刊更多论文
营养对妊娠和哺乳期母猪的影响。
有研究表明,尽量减少哺乳期间的体重和脂肪损失,有利于母猪的长期繁殖。这种策略只需要在接下来的怀孕中恢复最低限度的体重,这是有益的,因为怀孕期间采食量和体重增加越多,哺乳期间体重减轻的程度就越大。在哺乳期应实行自由采食,而妊娠期采食量必须保持在较低水平。采食量与胚胎存活率之间的关系已在几项研究中得到证实,但这些数据有时难以解释。然而,在孕前期和妊娠早期,高能量喂养往往与胚胎死亡率增加有关。哺乳期的短期饥饿使泌乳素降低到断奶后的浓度,胰岛素和葡萄糖降低到非常低的浓度。喂奶后催乳素迅速增加,表明可能与神经机制有关。再进食后胆囊收缩素水平的升高和触发的神经反射可能与催乳素的增加有关。在饥饿或重新喂食期间,未观察到LH释放的变化。背膘厚较高的母猪在哺乳期第一周的分解代谢率高于妊娠后期。随着哺乳期的进展,无论分娩前的背脂厚度如何,都能实现更平衡的代谢。与低体重损失初产母猪或多产母猪相比,高体重损失初产母猪在哺乳期间需要较长的能量负平衡恢复期。几项调查表明,体重减轻过多的母猪会延长断奶至发情的间隔时间,并增加发情。哺乳期体重损失低的母猪在断奶前后血浆胰岛素和皮质醇水平高于体重损失高的母猪。目前尚未确定的是,在剩余时间间隔内,体重或身体状况的减轻程度低于该程度将会延长,以及防止这种延长所需的饮食能量摄入水平。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 去求助
来源期刊
自引率
0.00%
发文量
0
期刊最新文献
Consequences of variation in interval from insemination to ovulation on fertilization in pigs. Role of prolactin in the regulation of ovarian function in pigs. Manipulation of gametes and embryos in the pig. Hypothalamic control of gonadotrophin and prolactin secretion in pigs. Control of follicular development and ovulation rate in pigs.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
已复制链接
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
×
扫码分享
扫码分享
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1