New opportunities of multifunctional materials

Abstract

Silicate materials traditionally occupy an important place in materials science, despite the ever-changing demands. The improvement of materials requires the development of theory. The extensive experience accumulated by technical and experimental mineralogy does not always agree with traditional ideas and, sometimes, does not find an explanation in them at all. Such a situation arises in trying to describe the anomalously high kinetic parameters of diffusion and crystallization in glass and ceramics. The search for a solution to the problem leads to the use of the most general laws of natural science, the theory of oscillations and waves. Under the conditions of nonequilibrium crystallization in artificial silicate systems, the mechanism of spinodal decomposition is found, which is later confirmed in volcanic glasses of the Earth and Moon as well as in tektites. The proposed model of spatially closed dynamic structures takes into account the kinetics of phase transformations, when the formation of segregation products (molecular clusters) and bonds between them is of a resonant nature. As a result, a new class of multifunctional materials with an unusual combination of physical and chemical properties is created. Synthetic metasilicates masters about three dozen new technological applications in medicine (surgery, dentistry), household production, and aerospace equipment, materials science (modifying additives in ceramics, polyethylene, linoleum, asphalt), heatand wear-resistant lining, gold and slag pipelines. The economic efficiency of glass ceramics is shown on the example of the Federal Project The Northern Latitudinal Railway.