SAFETY SUPPORT IN TRANSPORT CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY WITH HYDRAULIC DRIVE

E. Khristoforov, N. Sakovich, A. Kuznecov
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Abstract

Work purpose: the investigation of transport process safety in construction industry of the Bryansk region, the substantiation of reasons, factors and circumstances of accidents in the construction companies of the region, the substantiation of the impact of hydraulic drive unit failures upon safety of transport construction machinery with the hydraulic drive with the purpose of driver safety. Investigation problem: on the basis of the obtained results of the safety investigations of transport processes, reasons defined, revealed injury factors of drivers during the operation of the load flat car hydraulic drive of transport means to develop motion parameters of the “hydraulic drive-load flat car” system which will not allow arising oscillations of the system resulting in hydraulic drive failure arising which has influence upon driver’s work safety. The investigations were carried out on the basis of a system analysis of accident examinations in the regional construction industry which on the basis of statistical data allows the defining safety state of transport construction machinery. By means of investigations it is defined that 90% of transport construction machines are equipped with a hydraulic drive. In the hydraulic drive the most significant element is a hydraulic cylinder – the most loaded element performing all basic operations of a working process of loading and unloading. In the hydraulic drive there is used a telescopic hydraulic cylinder in which during operation there are revealed design-production defects (DPD) which result in injury of machine service personnel. One of DPD manifestations is oscillation formation in the hydraulic drive which results in the destruction of hydraulic cylinder attachment fitting. It is defined that the support of hydraulic drive reliability and safety is a difficult problem which needs a complex solution still at designing and creation, and during the operation. The complexity of the problem causes the necessity of design and operation parameter optimization, in the first place, that of an executing hydraulic cylinder of the hydraulic drive with the use of mathematical modeling. The review of the mathematical modeling methods of hydraulic cylinder parameters allows drawing the conclusion that the existing methods have many assumptions and do not allow creating completely reliable and safe transport construction engineering. The investigation novelty consists in the offered procedure for the solution of motion equations of the “hydraulic drive – load flat car” system which allows calculating the motion system parameters, defining the development of system oscillation above critical able to destruct a fitting unit of the hydraulic cylinder to the load flat car. Conclusion. The algorithm offered for the solution of mathematical equations allows making a conclusion on the stability and safety of the “hydraulic cylinder – load flat car” system, finding optimum values of motion parameters at any time moment of a transitional process.
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运输工程机械液压传动安全支架
工作目的:调查布良斯克地区建筑业运输过程安全,证实该地区建筑公司发生事故的原因、因素和情况,证实液压传动装置故障对液压传动运输工程机械安全的影响,以驾驶员安全为目的。调查问题:在对运输过程安全调查所得结果的基础上,明确原因,揭示载重平板车液压驱动运输工具在操作过程中驾驶员的伤害因素,制定“液压驱动-载重平板车”系统的运动参数,使系统不会产生振荡,导致液压驱动失效,影响驾驶员的工作安全。调查是在对区域建筑行业的事故检查进行系统分析的基础上进行的,该分析基于统计数据,允许定义运输工程机械的安全状态。通过调查,确定90%的运输工程机械采用液压传动。在液压传动中,最重要的元件是液压缸,它是负载最大的元件,执行装卸工作过程的所有基本操作。液压传动采用伸缩式液压缸,该液压缸在运行过程中存在明显的设计生产缺陷,造成维修人员的人身伤害。DPD的主要表现之一是液压传动产生振荡,导致液压缸附件的破坏。明确了液压传动支架的可靠性和安全性在设计、制造和运行过程中仍是一个需要复杂解决的难题。由于问题的复杂性,必须首先对液压传动的执行液压缸进行设计和运行参数优化,并利用数学建模方法对其进行优化。通过对液压缸参数数学建模方法的回顾,可以得出结论,现有方法有许多假设,不能建立完全可靠和安全的运输建设工程。研究的新颖之处在于提出了“液压驱动-负载平板车”系统运动方程的求解程序,该程序可以计算运动系统参数,确定系统振荡发展到足以破坏液压缸对负载平板车的装配单元的临界水平以上。结论。所提出的求解数学方程的算法可以对“液压缸-负载平板车”系统的稳定性和安全性做出结论,并在过渡过程的任意时刻找到运动参数的最优值。
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