A new genotype of hepatitis A virus causing transient liver enzyme elevations in Mauritius-origin laboratory-housed Macaca fascicularis.

IF 2.3 2区 农林科学 Q2 PATHOLOGY Veterinary Pathology Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-12 DOI:10.1177/03009858231209691
Lars Mecklenburg, Rebecca Ducore, Molly Boyle, Andrew Newell, Laura Boone, Joerg Luft, Annette Romeike, Ann-Kathrin Haverkamp, Keith Mansfield, Kelley A Penraat, J J Baczenas, Nick Minor, Shelby L O'Connor, David H O'Connor
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Abstract

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infects humans and nonhuman primates, typically causing an acute self-limited illness. Three HAV genotypes have been described so far for humans, and three genotypes have been described for nonhuman primates. We observed transiently elevated liver enzymes in Mauritius-origin laboratory-housed macaques in Germany and were not able to demonstrate an etiology including HAV by serology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). HAV is a rare pathogen in cynomolgus macaques, and since all employees were routinely vaccinated against HAV, it was not a part of the routine vaccination and screening program. A deep sequencing approach identified a new HAV genotype (referred to as Simian_HAV_Macaca/Germany/Mue-1/2022) in blood samples from affected animals. This HAV was demonstrated by reverse transcription PCR in blood and liver and by in situ hybridization in liver, gall bladder, and septal ducts. A commercial vaccine was used to protect animals from liver enzyme elevation. The newly identified simian HAV genotype demonstrates 80% nucleotide sequence identity to other simian and human HAV genotypes. There was deeper divergence between Simian_HAV_Macaca/Germany/Mue-1/2022 and other previously described HAVs, including both human and simian viruses. In situ hybridization indicated persistence in the biliary epithelium up to 3 months after liver enzymes were elevated. Vaccination using a commercial vaccine against human HAV prevented reoccurrence of liver enzyme elevations. Because available assays for HAV did not detect this new HAV genotype, knowledge of its existence may ameliorate potential significant epidemiological and research implications in laboratories globally.

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一种新的甲型肝炎病毒基因型引起毛里毛斯实验室饲养的猕猴短暂性肝酶升高。
甲型肝炎病毒(HAV)感染人类和非人类灵长类动物,通常引起急性自限性疾病。迄今为止,人类已经发现了三种甲型肝炎基因型,非人灵长类动物也发现了三种基因型。我们在来自毛里求斯的德国实验室饲养的猕猴中观察到肝酶短暂升高,但无法通过血清学和聚合酶链反应(PCR)证明包括甲肝病毒在内的病因。甲肝病毒在食蟹猕猴中是一种罕见的病原体,由于所有员工都常规接种了甲肝病毒疫苗,因此它不是常规疫苗接种和筛查计划的一部分。深度测序方法在受感染动物的血液样本中发现了一种新的甲型肝炎基因型(称为Simian_HAV_Macaca/Germany/Mue-1/2022)。通过血液和肝脏的反转录PCR以及肝脏、胆囊和鼻中隔导管的原位杂交证实了这种甲型肝炎病毒。一种商业疫苗被用来保护动物免受肝酶升高的影响。新发现的猿猴HAV基因型与其他猿猴和人类HAV基因型的核苷酸序列具有80%的一致性。Simian_HAV_Macaca/Germany/Mue-1/2022与其他先前描述的hav(包括人类和猿类病毒)之间存在更深的差异。原位杂交显示肝酶升高后胆道上皮持续存在3个月。使用商业疫苗接种人类甲肝病毒可防止肝酶升高的再次发生。由于现有的甲肝病毒检测方法未检测到这种新的甲肝病毒基因型,因此了解其存在可能会改善全球实验室中潜在的重大流行病学和研究意义。
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来源期刊
Veterinary Pathology
Veterinary Pathology 农林科学-病理学
CiteScore
4.70
自引率
8.30%
发文量
99
审稿时长
2 months
期刊介绍: Veterinary Pathology (VET) is the premier international publication of basic and applied research involving domestic, laboratory, wildlife, marine and zoo animals, and poultry. Bridging the divide between natural and experimental diseases, the journal details the diagnostic investigations of diseases of animals; reports experimental studies on mechanisms of specific processes; provides unique insights into animal models of human disease; and presents studies on environmental and pharmaceutical hazards.
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