Patterns and prevalence of foetal anomalies in South – South Nigeria: A 2 year retrospective study using ultrasound screening

Erondu Okechukwu Felix , Okoro Chinedum Richards , Aniemeka Joy Ifeanyi , Ugwu Anthony Chukwuka
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Abstract

Although various rates of sonographic detection of foetal anomalies abound, no available data exist on the prevalence and patterns of anomalies in the South–South (Niger Delta) region of Nigeria. A retrospective analysis of the records of 10,440 prenatal sonograms and anomaly register over a two year period was performed. 72 foetuses were identified with a total of 88 anomalies.

Anencephaly was the most common anomaly representing 23.99% (22), and achondroplasia with limb length discrepancy/dwarfism 7.95% (7). Systemic classification was as follows; CNS (42, 47.7%), urogenital (20, 22.7%), skeletal (11, 12%), GIT (9, 3.41%), others (12, 13.64%).

The mean age for majority of anomalies was 25 years. A Chi-square test of significance, showed this is significantly lower than the mean age of 35 years earlier documented in literature.

The study recommends a prospective screening program, use of a detailed anomaly protocol and guidelines, compulsory screening at 18–20 weeks gestational window, improved training of sonographers and use of 3D and more sophisticated equipment to improve detection rates.

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模式和流行的胎儿畸形在南尼日利亚:2年回顾性研究使用超声筛查
尽管胎儿异常的超声检出率各不相同,但没有关于尼日利亚南南(尼日尔三角洲)地区异常的流行率和模式的可用数据。回顾性分析记录的10440产前超声和异常登记超过两年的时间进行。发现72个胎儿,共88个异常。无脑畸形是最常见的异常,占23.99%(22例),软骨发育不全伴肢长差异/侏儒症为7.95%(7例)。CNS(42,47.7%),泌尿生殖系统(20,22.7%),骨骼(11,12%),GIT(9,3.41%),其他(12,13.64%)。大多数异常的平均年龄为25岁。卡方显著性检验显示,这明显低于文献中记载的35岁的平均年龄。该研究建议前瞻性筛查计划,使用详细的异常协议和指南,在18-20周妊娠期进行强制性筛查,改进超声医师培训,使用3D和更复杂的设备来提高检出率。
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