Stochastic Finite Element Analysis of Root-Reinforcement Effects in Long and Steep Slopes

Abstract

This article introduces a novel numerical scheme within the finite element method (FEM) to study soil heterogeneity, specifically focusing on the root–soil matrix in fracture treatments. Material properties, such as Young’s modulus of elasticity, cohesion, and the friction angle, are considered as randomly distributed variables. To address the inherent uncertainty associated with these distributions, a Monte Carlo simulation is employed. By incorporating the uncertainties related to material properties, particularly the root component that contributes to soil heterogeneity, this article provides a reliable estimation of the factor of safety, failure surface, and slope deformation, all of which demonstrate a progressive behavior. The probability distribution curve for the factor of safety (FOS) reveals that an increase in the root area ratio (RAR) results in a narrower range and greater certainty in the population mean, indicating reduced material variation. Moreover, as the slope angle increases, the sample mean falls within a wider range of the probability density curve, indicating an enhanced level of material heterogeneity. This heterogeneity amplifies the level of uncertainty when predicting the factor of safety, highlighting the crucial importance of accurate information regarding heterogeneity to enhancing prediction accuracy.