Ensuring Deception Consistency for FTP Services Hardened against Advanced Persistent Threats

Zhan Shu, Guanhua Yan
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引用次数: 11

Abstract

As evidenced by numerous high-profile security incidents such as the Target data breach and the Equifax hack, APTs (Advanced Persistent Threats) can significantly compromise the trustworthiness of cyber space. This work explores how to improve the effectiveness of cyber deception in hardening FTP (File Transfer Protocol) services against APTs. The main objective of our work is to ensure deception consistency: when the attackers are trapped, they can only make observations that are consistent with what they have seen already so that they cannot recognize the deceptive environment. To achieve deception consistency, we use logic constraints to characterize an attacker's best knowledge (either positive, negative, or uncertain). When migrating the attacker's FTP connection into a contained environment, we use these logic constraints to instantiate a new FTP file system that is guaranteed free of inconsistency. We performed deception experiments with student participants who just completed a computer security course. Following the design of Turing tests, we find that the participants' chances of recognizing deceptive environments are close to random guesses. Our experiments also confirm the importance of observation consistency in identifying deception.
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确保FTP服务欺骗一致性,增强对高级持续威胁的防范
正如Target数据泄露和Equifax黑客攻击等众多备受瞩目的安全事件所证明的那样,apt(高级持续性威胁)会严重损害网络空间的可信度。这项工作探讨了如何提高网络欺骗在加强FTP(文件传输协议)服务对apt的有效性。我们工作的主要目标是确保欺骗的一致性:当攻击者被困时,他们只能做出与他们已经看到的一致的观察,这样他们就无法识别欺骗的环境。为了实现欺骗的一致性,我们使用逻辑约束来描述攻击者的最佳知识(积极的、消极的或不确定的)。当将攻击者的FTP连接迁移到包含的环境中时,我们使用这些逻辑约束来实例化一个保证不一致的新FTP文件系统。我们对刚刚完成计算机安全课程的学生进行了欺骗实验。根据图灵测试的设计,我们发现参与者识别欺骗性环境的机会接近于随机猜测。我们的实验也证实了观察一致性在识别欺骗中的重要性。
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Proceedings of the 5th ACM Workshop on Moving Target Defense A Security SLA-Driven Moving Target Defense Framework to Secure Cloud Applications Session details: Session 3: Protection of Critical Services against Advanced Threats In-design Resilient SDN Control Plane and Elastic Forwarding Against Aggressive DDoS Attacks Session details: Session 2: Novel MTD Frameworks and Techniques
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